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Intro To Anatomy & Physiology > TEST 2 Practice Questions > Flashcards

TEST 2 Practice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

A(n) ____________ is a microscopic blood vessel that allows materials to leave and enter the circulatory system.

A

capillary

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2
Q

A(n) ___________ is a cylindrical muscle that controls the diameter of a body passage or orifice.

A

sphincter

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3
Q

Red blood cells contain_______________ a protein that transports oxygen.

A

hemoglobin

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4
Q

___________ are cell fragments involved in blood clotting.

A

platelets

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5
Q

____________ is the process of stoppage of bleeding from a blood vessel.

A

hemostasis

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6
Q

Part of your ability to stop bleeding involves the release of _________ which causes a sustained contraction of vascular smooth muscle.

A

serotonin

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7
Q

__________ is another word for clotting.

A

Coagulation

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8
Q

__________ is the component of blood that includes substances not used in blood clotting.

A

Serum

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9
Q

Another word for bleeding is______________.

A

hemorrhage

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10
Q

An ____________ is a piece of the clot that has broken away.

A

embolus

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11
Q

Deep vein__________ occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein.

A

thrombosis

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12
Q

A(n) ___________is a sac-like enlargement of a blood vessel caused by a weakening of its wall.

A

aneurysm

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13
Q

_________ refers to any condition in which the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is reduced.

A

anemia

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14
Q

__________ is a bluish hue to the skin, gums, fingernails, or mucous membranes caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood.

A

cyanosis

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15
Q

__________ is an accumulation of an excessive amount of fluid in a body area.

A

edema

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16
Q

____________ are the inferior, discharging chambers of the heart.

A

ventricles

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17
Q

______ junctions allow action potentials to pass from one heart cell to another adjacent cell and allow the heart cells to contract in unison.

A

gap

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18
Q

A(n) _______ pacemaker is any pacemaker in the heart other than the Sinoatrial node.

A

ectopic

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19
Q

Contraction of the ventricles is called ________.

A

systole

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20
Q

Relaxation of the ventricles is called ____________.

A

diastole

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21
Q

______- is the word root for fast.

A

tachy

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22
Q

______- is the word root for slow.

A

brady

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23
Q

__________ capillaries provide oxygen to all the body’s cells.

A

systemic

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24
Q

The pulmonary___________ carry blood to the lungs, where oxygen is picked up.

A

arteries

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25
Q

The ___________ arteries feed the myocardium.

A

coronary

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26
Q

_______ is a critical condition caused by a sudden drop in blood flow through the body for any number of reasons including cardiac arrest.

A

shock

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27
Q

Decreased urine flow is referred to as _____________.

A

oliguria

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28
Q

Essential hypertension also called ______ hypertension.

A

primary

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29
Q

A pathology that has no identifiable cause is called __________.

A

idiopathic

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30
Q

A(n) _____________ is a sensory nerve ending in some large blood vessels for monitoring the amount of blood going to your brain.

A

baroreceptor

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31
Q

The common ______ artery of the neck is an important artery in your neck.

A

carotid

32
Q

___________ is a condition that involves various substances forming plaque on the inner lining of arterial walls.

A

atherosclerosis

33
Q

A (n)________ is a region in an organ that has suffered damage.

A

lesion

34
Q

________ pectoris is a severe constricting pain in the chest.

A

angina

35
Q

__________ necrosis refers to death that is due to a lack of oxygen as a result of an obstruction of the tissue’s blood supply.

A

ischemic

36
Q

Myocardial________ is commonly known as heart attack.

A

infarction

37
Q

The stratum ________is the outer layer of the epidermis.

A

corneum

38
Q

_________is a tough, insoluble protein that is the main constituent of hair and, nails.

A

keratin

39
Q

The stratum _____ aka stratum germinativum is the deepest layer of the epidermis, composed of dividing stem cells and anchoring cells.

A

basale

40
Q

______ is an insoluble dark pigment that helps protect the skin against the sun.

A

melanin

41
Q

A common mole is also called a(n) ___________.

A

nevus

42
Q

_______ glands are sweat glands that are densest in palm and sole.

A

eccrine

43
Q

_______ lubricates hair and skin, prevents excessive water evaporation, and inhibits the growth of certain bacteria.

A

sebum

44
Q

A boil, also called a _________, is an infection of a hair follicle.

A

furuncle

45
Q

Individual boils clustered together are called___________.

A

carbuncle

46
Q

___________ is the branch of medicine dealing with the treatment of cancer.

A

oncology

47
Q

___________ means extremely dangerous or harmful

A

malignant

48
Q

__________ is the spread of a disease process from one part of the body to another.

A

metastasis

49
Q

The suffix -_______ is used to form names of tumors

A

-oma

50
Q

The_________ gland is the largest of the salivary glands situated on each side of the face below and in front of the ear.

A

parotid

51
Q

The __________ are your upper jaw bones.

A

maxillae

52
Q

The ___________ is a powerful muscle of mastication that attaches to the cheek bone and the lateral surface of the mandible.

A

masseter

53
Q

The Sternocleidomastoid attaches to the mastoid process of the ________ bone.

A

temporal bone

54
Q

-______ is a suffix that means likeness.

A

-oid

55
Q

The ______refers to your throat.

A

pharynx

56
Q

The ________ produces hormones that help regulate the way your body processes sugar.

A

pancreas

57
Q

________ ulcers are open sores that develop on the inside lining of your stomach.

A

peptic

58
Q

_________hernia specifically means that a portion of the stomach has moved into the chest cavity.

A

hiatal

59
Q

________ are any of the fingerlike projections of the small intestine that increase its ability to absorb, secrete, or exchange materials.

A

villi

60
Q

The beginning of the large intestine is called the_______.

A

cecum

61
Q

___________ are small, bulging pouches that are found most often in the lower region of the colon.

A

diverticula

62
Q

___________ or non-specific immunity is the defense system with which you were born.

A

innate

63
Q

________ refers to any substance foreign to the body that evokes an immune response.

A

antigen

64
Q

A(n)__________ is anything that causes a disease.

A

pathogen

65
Q

The____________ period is the interval between exposure to an infectious organism and the clinical appearance of disease.

A

latent

66
Q

___________ attach to a specific antigen and make it easier for the immune cells to destroy the antigen.

A

antibodies

67
Q

T cells release chemicals, known as _________, which control the entire immune response.

A

cytokines

68
Q

When tissues are injured, they release chemicals including__________ which cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissue spaces.

A

histamine

69
Q

____________ is the process in which white blood cells “eat” microorganisms and dead or damaged cells.

A

phagocytosis

70
Q

______ is formed from a collection of dead tissue, dead bacteria, and live and dead phagocytes.

A

pus

71
Q

A(n) ______ is an exaggerated immune response to substances that are generally not harmful.

A

allergy

72
Q

______________ is a severe, whole-body allergic reaction to a chemical that has become an allergen.

A

anaphylaxis

73
Q

________ usually contains mucus with virus, bacteria, other debris, and sloughed-off inflammatory cells.

A

phlegm

74
Q

Once phlegm has been expectorated by a cough, it becomes ________.

A

sputum

75
Q

A(n)__________ is a prominent oval mass of lymphoid tissue on each side of the throat.

A

tonsil

76
Q

The_________ is a gland lying behind the breastbone that aids in the production of T cells.

A

thymus

Intro To Anatomy & Physiology (7 decks)

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