TEST 2 Practice Questions Flashcards
A(n) ____________ is a microscopic blood vessel that allows materials to leave and enter the circulatory system.
capillary
A(n) ___________ is a cylindrical muscle that controls the diameter of a body passage or orifice.
sphincter
Red blood cells contain_______________ a protein that transports oxygen.
hemoglobin
___________ are cell fragments involved in blood clotting.
platelets
____________ is the process of stoppage of bleeding from a blood vessel.
hemostasis
Part of your ability to stop bleeding involves the release of _________ which causes a sustained contraction of vascular smooth muscle.
serotonin
__________ is another word for clotting.
Coagulation
__________ is the component of blood that includes substances not used in blood clotting.
Serum
Another word for bleeding is______________.
hemorrhage
An ____________ is a piece of the clot that has broken away.
embolus
Deep vein__________ occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein.
thrombosis
A(n) ___________is a sac-like enlargement of a blood vessel caused by a weakening of its wall.
aneurysm
_________ refers to any condition in which the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is reduced.
anemia
__________ is a bluish hue to the skin, gums, fingernails, or mucous membranes caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood.
cyanosis
__________ is an accumulation of an excessive amount of fluid in a body area.
edema
____________ are the inferior, discharging chambers of the heart.
ventricles
______ junctions allow action potentials to pass from one heart cell to another adjacent cell and allow the heart cells to contract in unison.
gap
A(n) _______ pacemaker is any pacemaker in the heart other than the Sinoatrial node.
ectopic
Contraction of the ventricles is called ________.
systole
Relaxation of the ventricles is called ____________.
diastole
______- is the word root for fast.
tachy
______- is the word root for slow.
brady
__________ capillaries provide oxygen to all the body’s cells.
systemic
The pulmonary___________ carry blood to the lungs, where oxygen is picked up.
arteries
The ___________ arteries feed the myocardium.
coronary
_______ is a critical condition caused by a sudden drop in blood flow through the body for any number of reasons including cardiac arrest.
shock
Decreased urine flow is referred to as _____________.
oliguria
Essential hypertension also called ______ hypertension.
primary
A pathology that has no identifiable cause is called __________.
idiopathic
A(n) _____________ is a sensory nerve ending in some large blood vessels for monitoring the amount of blood going to your brain.
baroreceptor
The common ______ artery of the neck is an important artery in your neck.
carotid
___________ is a condition that involves various substances forming plaque on the inner lining of arterial walls.
atherosclerosis
A (n)________ is a region in an organ that has suffered damage.
lesion
________ pectoris is a severe constricting pain in the chest.
angina
__________ necrosis refers to death that is due to a lack of oxygen as a result of an obstruction of the tissue’s blood supply.
ischemic
Myocardial________ is commonly known as heart attack.
infarction
The stratum ________is the outer layer of the epidermis.
corneum
_________is a tough, insoluble protein that is the main constituent of hair and, nails.
keratin
The stratum _____ aka stratum germinativum is the deepest layer of the epidermis, composed of dividing stem cells and anchoring cells.
basale
______ is an insoluble dark pigment that helps protect the skin against the sun.
melanin
A common mole is also called a(n) ___________.
nevus
_______ glands are sweat glands that are densest in palm and sole.
eccrine
_______ lubricates hair and skin, prevents excessive water evaporation, and inhibits the growth of certain bacteria.
sebum
A boil, also called a _________, is an infection of a hair follicle.
furuncle
Individual boils clustered together are called___________.
carbuncle
___________ is the branch of medicine dealing with the treatment of cancer.
oncology
___________ means extremely dangerous or harmful
malignant
__________ is the spread of a disease process from one part of the body to another.
metastasis
The suffix -_______ is used to form names of tumors
-oma
The_________ gland is the largest of the salivary glands situated on each side of the face below and in front of the ear.
parotid
The __________ are your upper jaw bones.
maxillae
The ___________ is a powerful muscle of mastication that attaches to the cheek bone and the lateral surface of the mandible.
masseter
The Sternocleidomastoid attaches to the mastoid process of the ________ bone.
temporal bone
-______ is a suffix that means likeness.
-oid
The ______refers to your throat.
pharynx
The ________ produces hormones that help regulate the way your body processes sugar.
pancreas
________ ulcers are open sores that develop on the inside lining of your stomach.
peptic
_________hernia specifically means that a portion of the stomach has moved into the chest cavity.
hiatal
________ are any of the fingerlike projections of the small intestine that increase its ability to absorb, secrete, or exchange materials.
villi
The beginning of the large intestine is called the_______.
cecum
___________ are small, bulging pouches that are found most often in the lower region of the colon.
diverticula
___________ or non-specific immunity is the defense system with which you were born.
innate
________ refers to any substance foreign to the body that evokes an immune response.
antigen
A(n)__________ is anything that causes a disease.
pathogen
The____________ period is the interval between exposure to an infectious organism and the clinical appearance of disease.
latent
___________ attach to a specific antigen and make it easier for the immune cells to destroy the antigen.
antibodies
T cells release chemicals, known as _________, which control the entire immune response.
cytokines
When tissues are injured, they release chemicals including__________ which cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissue spaces.
histamine
____________ is the process in which white blood cells “eat” microorganisms and dead or damaged cells.
phagocytosis
______ is formed from a collection of dead tissue, dead bacteria, and live and dead phagocytes.
pus
A(n) ______ is an exaggerated immune response to substances that are generally not harmful.
allergy
______________ is a severe, whole-body allergic reaction to a chemical that has become an allergen.
anaphylaxis
________ usually contains mucus with virus, bacteria, other debris, and sloughed-off inflammatory cells.
phlegm
Once phlegm has been expectorated by a cough, it becomes ________.
sputum
A(n)__________ is a prominent oval mass of lymphoid tissue on each side of the throat.
tonsil
The_________ is a gland lying behind the breastbone that aids in the production of T cells.
thymus
