TEST 1 Practice Questions Flashcards
From Michael's handout
All cells develop from one fertilized egg called the _________.
Zygote
The term ________ is used to describe the early stages of growth, from conception to the eighth week of pregnancy.
Embryo
__________ the tendency of a living organism to keep the internal environment similar despite any changes in the conditions around it.
Homeostasis
The ___________ system is the system of glands, each of which secretes different types of hormones.
Endocrine
__________substances released from endocrine glands into the bloodstream where they travel to target tissue and generate a response.
Hormone
Your daily biological cycles are called __________rhythms.
Circadian
__________ provides a covering for most of the external surfaces of the body.
Epithelium
___ - is a prefix meaning above or over.
Epi
The term ___________ denotes “without blood vessels”.
Avascular
Nerve cells are called ___________.
Neuron(s)
Connective tissue has a relatively large amount of non-living intercellular substances called _______.
Matrix
The ___________is also called the collar bone.
Clavicle
The 5 digits contain bones called _______.
Phalanges
The bones of the wrist are called _____ bones.
Carpals
The___________ are the bones of the palm.
Metacarpals
The tunnel of Guyon allows passage of the ___ nerve.
Ulnar
A(n) ___________ connects bone to bone.
Ligament
A(n)___________is a set of signs and symptoms that appear together and characterize a disease or medical condition.
Syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a medical condition due to compression of the _________nerve as it travels through the wrist.
Median
Numbness and tingling is referred to as _____________.
Paresthesia
When a part of the body diminishes due to lack of use the process is called ________.
Atrophy
You have 7 __________ (neck) vertebrae.
Cervical
C1 is also called the _____
Atlas
There are 12 ________ vertebrae.
Thoracic
There are 5 ______vertebrae.
Lumbar
The _______is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spinal column, where it is inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones.
Sacrum
A(n) ______ a bone forming cell.
OsteoBlast
A (n)_________is any cell that ingests foreign particles, bacteria, or cell debris.
Phagocyte
A(n) ________remodels bones.
OsteoClast
A joint is also known as an _______________.
Articulation
_______ fluid is a viscous fluid that lubricates the articular surfaces of a joint.
Synovial
The suffix -____ means inflammation.
-itis
__________ is a disorder in which the bones become increasingly porous, brittle, and subject to fracture.
Osteoporosis
______________ is an excessive outward curvature of the spine.
Kyphosis
In the progression of rheumatoid arthritis, an abnormal tissue called ________ forms and erodes articular cartilage. This results in the fusion of the bone ends.
Pannus
_____ junctions are a specialized intercellular connection which allow various molecules, ions, and electrical impulses to directly pass between cells.
Gap
Chaotic contractions across the heart are referred to as _______.
fibrillation
Hollow organs of the body except the heart are called __________.
viscera
__________ is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract.
peristalsis
A ________ fibre is a non-living product of a cell that is a key part of connective tissue matrix.
collagen
A(n) _______is connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
tendon
A(n)__________is a connective tissue that connects bone to bone.
ligament
A(n) _______is an injury to a ligament that involves a stretching or a tearing of this tissue.
sprain
A(n) ______is an injury to either a muscle or a tendon.
strain
__________ is the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with aging.
sarcopenia
The suffix -_______means pain
-algia
__________ is a term denoting the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.
neuroplasticity
________ are also called nerve cells.
neurons
A(n)__________ is an extension of the neuron that carries signals away from its cell body.
axon
A(n) _________ is an extension of the neuron that carries signals towards its cell body.
dendrite
A bundle of axons in the PNS is called a(n) _________.
nerve
_________ is a white, fatty material that insulates axons.
myelin
The __________is the site of communication between two neurons.
synapse
A(n) __________is the “messenger” molecule that moves from one neuron to the next.
neurotransmitter
The __________ lobe is where conscious movement of skeletal muscles takes place.
frontal
The __________ lobe is where touch analysis takes place.
parietal
The ___________ lobe is where auditory (hearing) analysis takes place.
temporal
The _________lobe is where visual analysis takes place.
occipital
Impaired cerebral blood supply often leads to brain damage and is called a(n) _______.
stroke
The __________are the connective tissue coverings of the brain and spinal cord.
meninges
The __________ nerves are 12 pairs of nerves that connect to the brain.
cranial
A(n)________nerve carries signals, to and from the CNS.
mixed
The ___________ nervous system division controls skeletal muscles.
somatic
The ___________nervous system division controls the heart, smooth muscles, and glands.
autonomic
The __________ nervous system controls digestion.
Enteric
