Topic 2: Structures and Functions in Living Organisms - Nutrition Flashcards
Alimentary canal
The digestive tract running from the mouth to the anus
Amylase
An enzyme produced in the salivary glands and pancreas that breaks down starch into maltose
Bile
A green, watery fluid made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder that is used to neutralise stomach acid in the duodenum and emulsify fats
Colon
The first part of the large intestine where water is reabsorbed
Duodenum
The first section of the small intestine where digestive enzymes and bile are added to the ingested food
Ileum
The second section of the small intestine where the products of digestion are absorbed.
Lipase
An enzyme produced in the pancreas that breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
Maltase
An enzyme produced in the small intestine that breaks down maltose into glucose
Oesophagus
A muscular tube that takes food from the mouth to the stomach
Palisade mesophyll
A tissue found in plant leaves that is specialised to carry out photosynthesis
Pancreas
An organ that produces digestive enzymes and releases them into the small intestine
Peristalsis
The ‘squeezing’ movement of muscles that pushes the bolus of food along the digestive tract
