Topic 2: Structures and Functions in Living Organisms - Movement of Substances into and out of Cells

Question 1

Active transport

Answer 1

The movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution (against the concentration gradient) with the use of energy from respiration.

Question 2

Concentration gradient

Answer 2

The difference in concentration between two areas

Question 3

Diffusion

Answer 3

The spreading out of particles in solution, or particles of a gas, resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (down the concentration gradient).

Question 4

Osmosis

Answer 4

The diffusion of water molecules from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 5

Surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)

Answer 5

The size of the obiect compared with the amount of area that contacts the environment