Topic 1: The Nature And Variety Of Living Organisms Flashcards
Amoeba
Protoctists that live in pond water and resemble animal cells
Cell
The basic building block of all living organisms
Cell Membrane
An outer, structural layer that surrounds some cells. In plant cells, it is made of cellulose. In fungi, it is made of chitin
Chlorella
A protoctist that has features similar to plant cells (e.g. chloroplasts)
Chloroplast
An organelle which is the site of photosynthesis
DNA
A double-stranded polymer wound to form a double helix. It carries the genetic code.
Eukaryotic cell
A type of cell found in plants and animals that contains a nucleus
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
An infectious virus that weakens the immune system and can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
Hyphae
Long filaments of a fungus that contain many nuclei
Influenza Virus
An infection virus that causes influenza (the flu)
Lactobacillus bulgaricus
A rod-shaped species of bacterium used to produce yoghurt from milk
Mucor
A multicellular fungus that has a hyphal structure
Mycellium
A collection of thread-like hyphae in a fungus
Pathogens
Microorganisms that cause infectious disease
Photosynthesis
An endothermic reaction in which energy is transferred from the environment to the chloroplasts by light
Plasmids
Loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells
Plasmodium
Pathogenic protoctists that cause malaria
Pneumococcus
A spherical, pathogenic bacterium that causes pneumonia
Prokaryotic cell
A type of cell found in bacteria that does not contain a nucleus
Protoctists
Microscopic single-celled organisms
Saprotrophic nutrition
The mode of extracellular nutrition in which digestive enzymes are secreted onto the food outside the cell and the products of digestion are absorbed
Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TV)
A widespread plant pathogen affecting many species of plants which produces a mosaic pattern on the leaves. It infects chloroplasts and limits plant growth.
Virus
A non-living organism that can only reproduce inside host cells. Viruses have no cells, but possess a protein coat containing nucleic acids (DNA or RNA).
Yeast
A single-celled fungus
