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History > Topic 2- sport, leisure and tourism > Flashcards

Topic 2- sport, leisure and tourism Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the music halls at the start of the 20th century

A

more popular with the working class. The audience would be encouraged to sing along with entertainers. Seated at tables

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2
Q

What was the revival in the early 20th century?

A

It encouraged more people to attend a place of worship which greatly boosted the attendance in Chapels in particular

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3
Q

What activities happened at the church in the early 20th century?

A

Choirs

Brass bands

Drama groups

eisteddfod

Cymanfa ganu

sporting teams

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4
Q

What is the cymanfa ganu?

A

a hymn Singing festival

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5
Q

What is the eisteddfod?

A

a festival of Welsh culture and tradition

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6
Q

What types of people opposed pubs and why?

A

Wives, chapel goers

because of the dangers and expense of alcohol

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7
Q

What movement campaigned against the consumption of alcohol?

A

The temperance movement

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8
Q

What was cinema like before 1927?

A

Short, silent, black and weight films accompanied with a pianist
Hard wooden seats, noisy audiences and unreliable projectors

‘flea pits’- but as they grew in popularity, they were replaced with grander buildings

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9
Q

When was the first talkie?

A

In 1927 ‘the Jazz singer’

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10
Q

What happened to cinema in the 1930s?

A

Film industry started to produce talkies
Half the population in Britain went to the cinema once a week
Actors became famous
Young people met there- became a popular place for dating

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11
Q

What happened to cinema in WW2?

A

Cinemas closed for a week as government worried about bombs falling on crowded cinemas

Kind of films the ministry of information allowed to be shown showed the heroism of British forces and ordinary people and pocked fun at the enemy- kept up morale

provided information- showed short news reports and public information films about air raid precautions and the blackout

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12
Q

How did the cinema impact fashion in the 1930s?

A

Cinema magazines became popular

Woman adopted styles and fashions from Hollywood stars

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13
Q

How did the cinema impact British lifestyle in the 1930s?

A

Americanisation of British culture—Words like ‘darling’ and ‘coca cola’ enamel part of everyday life

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14
Q

How did the cinema impact technology in the 1930s?

A

Introduction of synchronised sound and dialogue - 1927 jazz singer

Colour movies in 1930s—eg the wizard of oz

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15
Q

How did the cinema impact education in the 1930s?

A

Many people though cinema was a good way of educating masses

The educational value of the cinema has now been taken over by cheap thrills

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16
Q

How did the cinema impact entertainment in the 1930s?

A

People forgot problems from their everyday lives like unemployment — 1930s - Great Depression
Cinemas showed news reels too
Captured imagination of young children

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17
Q

How did the cinema impact employment in the 1930s?

A

More people go to cinema so more jobs
Different careers introduced to do with cinema and film industry
Unemployed went to the cinema

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18
Q

When did radios start to appear in people’s Homes?

A

1920s

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19
Q

When was the bbc set up?

A

1924

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20
Q

What happened to the radio during WW2?

A

Government used radio to control news and information

Used to keep up morale by making military set backs like Dunkirk sound less serious

used to entertain armed forces

millions listened to Churchill’s regular radio broadcasts about the course of the war

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21
Q

What kind of sports did amateur sportsmen play?

A

Tennis, cricket, rugby union, rowing

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22
Q

Definition of an armature sports man

A

Not paid, upper class, no need to work, believed in FairPlay and sportsmanship

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23
Q

Definitions of a professional sports man

A

Paid, lower class, played as their job

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24
Q

What sports did professionals play?

A

Football, rugby league

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25
Q

Explain the difference between rugby league and rugby union

A

Rugby league allowed professionals

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26
Q

In rugby, what was the issue of ‘broken time’?

A

Rugby union refused senior players demand to be paid for the time they took off work to play games. This led to rugby league in 1895

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27
Q

What happened in 1905 to rugby?

A

Wales beat New Zealand all blacks in Cardiff

This increased popularity in the game

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28
Q

What we’re fighting booths?

A

Booths at travelling fairs and carnivals where an ordinary man could fight a pro and earn money if he won.

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29
Q

When was the golden era of Welsh football?

A

1920s

Wales won the fa cup in 1927 in Cardiff city

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30
Q

What was the body line series in cricket?

A

When Britain played Australia in the ashes in 1932. Douglas jardine, the English captain, ordered the bowlers to bowl directly at Australian bodies.

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31
Q

How did tennis become more accessible for ordinary people?

A

Councils built grass and hard tennis courts in public parks.

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32
Q

What was the view of woman playing sport in the early 20th century?

A

Poorer woman were expected to look after the home and family

Richer woman were expected to play genteel sport like croquet and tennis

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33
Q

How did spectator sport grow in the early 20th century?

A

Increased leisure time- bank holidays, paid holidays, Saturday free

Influence of radio- could listen in own home, outside broadcasts
Competitions and tournaments- encouraged rivalry and enthusiasm

Better transport- better availability, railways linked up cities, cheaper, easier

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34
Q

How did newspapers influence sport up to the 1970s?

A

Separate sports pages and reporter
Covered popular sports
Eg ‘sporting life’

Most people bought newspapers everyday. Influenced popularity of individuals, teams and sporting events.

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35
Q

How did magazines influence sport up to the 1970s?

A

‘The tropical times’ in 1919 was the first weekly magazine that had a high level of football related content

They aimed to inform readers how to develop their own sporting skills and provide info on forth coming events as well as advertising sport related products

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36
Q

How did comics influence sport up to the 1970s?

A

Popular British comic strip was ‘Billy’s boots’

Created an interest in sports and made young boys want to be like the characters they read about

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37
Q

How did television influence sport up to the 1970s?

A

1937- first live television match in Britain

1958- bbc launched grandstand which covered main sporting events

Many households rented TVs to watch the 1966 World Cup final where England beat west Germany
Shows highlighted top sporting stars and made house hold names of commentators like Bill Maclaren

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38
Q

How did cinema influence sport up to the 1970s?

A

1930s- cinema was the only place where fans could watch games of their sporting heroes
Every cinema showed regular newsreels between the films which showed items of topical interest

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39
Q

How did radio influence sport up to the 1970s?

A

1948- first bbc sporting report broadcast

Created sporting heroes in the 1930s and 40s
Continued to broadcast live events
Developed popularity of sport

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40
Q

Why did more people begin to take part in sport after 1960?

A

More free time
More employment and disposable income
Better transport and wider car ownership
Greater media coverage of sports and recreation
Growing concerns about health and fitness

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41
Q

What technological development helped participation in outdoor sports from the 1960s?

A

1960s- Flood lights, which meant teams could train and play in the evening

1970s-80s- synthetic outdoor playing surfaces

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42
Q

What is the role of cars in participation in sport?

A

Enabled more people to reach remote parts of the countryside or allowed them to travel to the gym

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43
Q

What was the origins of the Paralympics?

A

In 1948 when the Olympic Games were helped in London, a sports competition for wheelchair athletes was held. This evolved into the Paralympic Games.

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44
Q

What was the key reason for growing participation of woman in sport?

A

Woman had more opportunity in the later half of the century.
Olympic success led to greater publicity for successful female athletes.
In 1956 Gillian sheen won a gold medal in fencing

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45
Q

What 2 disasters showed the dangers for spectators at older football grounds?

A

1985- over 50 fans died in a fire at Bradford cities stadium

1999- 95 Liverpool fans died when they were crushed against crowed Barriers at the Hillsborough stadium in Sheffield

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46
Q

How have sports grounds changed in the last 20 years?

A

1990- large stadiums had to be converted to all seating stadiums.

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47
Q

How has cricket been changed by tv?

A

It used to be a game played quietly between two teams wearing white. Now players wear colourful kits.

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48
Q

What are some impacts of satellite and cable channels?

A

Created new sports like skydiving
Increased popularity in American sports
Created sporting stars

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49
Q

How has tv been good for sport?

A

Produced vast sums of money
Allowed aspects of the game to be improved
Provided new resources

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50
Q

How has tv been bad for sport?

A

Shows bad behaviour of certain stars
Changed rules and timings of many sports
Excessive coverage of sports

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51
Q

Why do companies want to be associated with sport?

A

As the exposure helps to sell their products

players promote their brand

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52
Q

Explain the development of sponsorship from 1957.

A

1957- whitbread offered £6000 to sponsor the ascot gold cup

Mars and flora sponsored London marathon

By 1990s sports clubs were entering sponsorship deals to build sporting grounds.

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53
Q

What have been the 4 main controversies in sport?

A

Spectators

Politics

Terrorism

Drugs

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54
Q

Give examples of controversies about spectators in sport.

A

1985- fire at Bradford stadium, 50 died

1989- 95 Liverpool fans died at Hillsborough when they were crushed against crowd barriers.

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55
Q

Give examples of controversies about politics in sport.

A

1936- Berlin olympics- hitler wanted to show case Germany. Did not let Jews take part. Jesse Owens won 4 gold medals. This infuriated hitler as Owens was African American. Hitler refuses to shake his hand.

1968- Tommie Smith, Mexico - he used the medal ceremony to show support to black power movement. As well as famous war salute he received medal shoeless but wearing black socks to represent black poverty.

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56
Q

Give examples of controversies about terrorism in sport.

A

1972- Munich olympics- Palestinian terrorists broke into an apartment, killing two israli athletes and took nine hostage. The terrorists demanded money to free them. However, they were killed during a shoot out.

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57
Q

Give examples of controversies about drugs in sport.

A

1928- first law against drugs however drugs used in sport continue to rise

Tommy Simpson- 1967- cycling- used drugs and died in a race.

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58
Q

Who is Fred Perry?

A

A sporting star

Tennis player

Won Wimbledon in three consecutive years (1934-36)

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59
Q

Who is Mary rand?

A

A sporting star

First British woman to win Olympic gold in athletics- (1964 Tokyo)

1964- voted BBC sports personality

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60
Q

Who is Len Hutton?

A

A sporting star

England batsman

England’s first professional captain

1956- Knighted for his contribution to cricket

Went on to be a journalist and broadcaster

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61
Q

Long question- has television coverage been the main reason for increasing popularity in sport?

What are the 4 factors?

A

Radio

Increased opportunities for participation and recreation

Tv

Sponsorship and professionalism

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62
Q

When was commercial tv allowed?

A

1955

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63
Q

Describe the growth of cinema in the 1950s

A

Hollywood films remained popular

Stars become household names - Marilyn Monroe

Children still went to Saturday morning matinées

Colour films

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64
Q

Describe the development and impact of television in the 1960s

A

TV ownership continued to increases

many rented still

1960-Coronation street first broadcasted

1964- bbc 2 launched

1966- largest ever tv audience watched England win World Cup

1969 - first ever all night broadcast showed Apollo moon landing

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65
Q

Describe the decline of cinema in the 1960s

A

Rise in ticket price as government increased entertainment tax

Cinemas became shabby and closed down

Television was on the rise

66
Q

Describe pop music in the 1950s

A

Rock n roll was popular -Eg Elvis Presley

Young people liked this type of music

Would listen on radio or at concerts

Beginning of concerts

Caused more people to buy records

67
Q

Describe music in the 1960s

A

Known as swinging sixties eg- Beatles, Rolling Stones

Music for younger generation

More American music became popular -eg Beach Boy

More concerts and festivals

Development of night clubs

68
Q

What was the impact of pop music on teenagers in the 1960s?

A

Teens spent £1.5 billion a year on music

Would buy merchandise

100 million records sold in 1964

69
Q

What was the impact of pop music on clubs and concerts in the 1960s?

A

End of 60s- discos became popular

More people started to see live bands

Huge open air festivals in Hyde park

70
Q

What was the impact of pop music on technology in the 1960s?

A

Electric record player

Transistor radios

Lighter, smaller singles

71
Q

What was the impact of pop music on radio in the 1960s?

A

Bbc launched bbc 1 - a music channel

72
Q

What was the impact of pop music on protest in the 1960s?

A

Rock n roll seen as a form of rebellion

Pop music was linked to political protest -eg Bob Dylan - nuclear weapons.

73
Q

What was the impact of pop music on fashion in the 1960s?

A

Young people wanted to wear same styles as their idols
Eg - leather jacket, mini skirt,

New hair styles- page boy cut for girls and Afros for men

74
Q

How did tv change in the later half of the century?

A

More programs to watch

1997- channel five started

DVDs allowed people to watch to outside of broadcasting time

1989- satellite and cable networks available

From 2008 analogue signal was replaced with digital signal giving more program choice.

75
Q

What are some positives of tv?

A

Educational

Much more aware of news

Gives people things to discuss

Entertainment without leaving homes

76
Q

What are some negatives of tv?

A

Too persuasive

Too much bad language and sexual content

Bad effects on lifestyle

People copy violent actions

Advertising has made people materialistic

77
Q

Why did cinema audiences decline in the 70s and 80s?

A

More people could afford a tv

Video recorder in 80s meant people could hire films and watch them at home.

78
Q

Why did more people go to the cinema in the 90s?

A

Special effects

Stereo sound

3D technology

Blockbusters- Jurassic Park

79
Q

What have been the most recent developments in entertainment technology?

A

Social networking

Internet

Gaming

Mobiles

80
Q

Describe the development of women in pop

A

Females such as Mary Hopkins were very successful in the 1960s

Female artists of the 1980s and 1990s had a stronger, more independent image- eg Madonna

1990s- Spice Girls became popular, selling their image of ‘girl power’

81
Q

What has been the most important development in popular entertainment from 1900 to present day?

What are the 4 factors?

A

Cinema

Tv

Radio

Pop music and modern technology

82
Q

Describe a traditional British holiday resort

A

By later 19th century railway linked cities to coast

professional class stayed in grand hotels-

working class stayed in guesthouses- had to be out of the room all day until dinner time

Piers, beaches, paddling, Punch and Judy shows, fairgrounds, donkey rides

eg- Brighton

83
Q

What was the bank holiday act?

A

An act that gave workers an extra 6 day off a year.

84
Q

When was the bank holiday day act?

A

1871

85
Q

Where would richer people go on holiday up to the 1950s?

A

18th and 19th century- would go on a tour of Europe

spread of the railroad in later 19th century made travelling the continent easier

Places like Monte Carlo and Venice became popular destinations

86
Q

When was holiday with pay first introduced?

A

1919

87
Q

When did Billy Butlin open his first holiday camp and where?

A

1936

In Skegness

88
Q

What was Butlins slogan?

A

A weeks holiday for a weeks pay

89
Q

What activities were at holiday camps?

A

Monorail
Swimming pool
Sports
Knobbly knees and glamorous granny competitions

90
Q

When and what was the national park act?

A

1949

an act with the aim to conserve natural beauty and to promote opportunities for public enjoyment in an area

91
Q

What and when was the first national park?

A

The Peak District

1951

92
Q

What caused the biggest change in British holiday patterns?

A

The growth of cheap air travel

93
Q

What two things wreaked the publics desire to visit holiday camps?

A

Old fashioned

People more attracted to cheap package holiday patterns abroad.

94
Q

Question 1 a

A

source A shows… because… x2

from my own knowledge x2

95
Q

Question 1b

A

3 reasons….

Explain why…..

Firstly… because

secondly. ..because
thirdly. ….because

96
Q

Question 1c

A

Why do sources B and C have different views about…..?

cc, oo, pp

C- source B says…. This differs C because…

O- Source B and O have different origins. B is from… (where, who, why important, when) Whereas C is from…..

P- Source B and C are created for different purposes. Source B was created to….Whereas source C was created to…

Overall they differ because….

97
Q

Question 2a

A

2/3 points and explain them

98
Q

Question 2b

A

Explain why……

Firstly… because

secondly. .. because
thirdly. .. because

99
Q

Question 2c

A

How successful/important has…..?

………….. was successful/important to a certain extent

because (reason 1, reason 2, reason 3)

overall they were (not) successful/important because……..

100
Q

Question 3a

A

2/3 points and explain them

101
Q

Question 3b

A

Essay question

There were many factors that led to (factor in question)

factor in question was important because…

another factor is….. (explain)

another factor is….. (explain)

another factor is….. (explain)

conclusion- overall factor in question was important/not important because….Most important factor was… because…

102
Q

Describe the development of rugby

A

Spread from english public schools in mid 19th century to Wales

By 1900 most villages had own teams

1905-Wales beat New Zealand All Black- popularity increased

1895- ‘broken time’ affected rugby union as some players could not afford to take time off work to play matches. Led to rugby league. Rugby union became the amateur gentleman’s game and rugby league became a working class, professional player’s game

1930’s depression meant more players moved to rugby league- decline in popularity of union

103
Q

Describe the development of football

A

1885- Football Association allowed payment for players- £4 a week

1927- Cardiff won FA cup

1930s- depression- decrease in popularity as people could not afford tickets

1940s- radio ect created football stars. Football pools became popular-gambling

104
Q

Describe the development of boxing

A

Rich and poor supporters- would bet

armatures would take on professionals in fighting booths at fairs

woman known to fight men too

Average wag in mid 30s was £3

Tommy Farr- famous boxer

105
Q

Describe the development of cricket

A

early 20th century- national sport of England

mainly played by better off

Though also working class- led to separate dressing rooms and gates to enter the pitch due to different social classes

1932- Ashes clash between England and Australia when english captain (Jardine) ordered players to bowl directly at Australian bodies- professionalism at its worst.

106
Q

Describe the development of golf

A
  • upper class to begin
  • later on, armatures and professionals played together
  • 1920s brought women golf players
107
Q

Describe the development of tennis

A
  • Lawn tennis, mainly upper class- courts in private gardens
  • Spread of middle class suburbs led to councils building hard courts in public parks
  • huge boost of popularity when Fred Perry won singles title for 3 consecutive years 1934-1936
108
Q

Describe the development of women in sport

A

poor woman had no time or money

upper class expected to play genteel sports - tennis, croquet

was seen as unattractive to be competitive

1920s- began to play team sports- hockey. Began to go to matches

109
Q

Describe the impact of better transport on the popularity of sport

A

19th century railway boom- linked up major cities making it easy to attend way matches

railway companies had special trains for supports- shows how popular trains were

tube and train stations were an influence where clubs built new stadiums

110
Q

Describe the impact of increased leisure time on the popularity of sport

A

increased popularity

  • 1870s- bank holidays
  • 1874- sundays and half of saturday off- allowed 3pm kick off
  • 1920s- most workers had 2 weeks paid holiday
111
Q

Describe the influence of radio on the popularity of sport

A
  • people crowded around family radios to hear final scores
  • outside broadcasts by BBC to show major events (University boat race)
  • 1927, FA Cup final saw the first hop- imaginary hop scotch type grid on pitch so listeners could know where ball was -‘back to square one’
  • sports radio broadcasts were banned in the depression as fewer spectators paying
  • 1937-international broadcast
112
Q

Who is Tanni Grey Thompson?

A
  • considered to be one of the most successful disabled athletes in UK
  • won 11 golds at Paralympics
  • 2005- made a dame
113
Q

Who is Nicole Cooke?

A
  • Wale’s greatest female cyclist
  • 2003- Wales sports personality of the year
  • 2008- won gold at Beijing olympics
  • 2009- awarded an MBE
114
Q

Who is David Beckham?

A
  • one of Britain’s most successful midfielders in football
  • Captain of england’s football team for 6 years
  • A global celebrity and national icon
115
Q

What are some reasons for the growth in participation in sports and recreation in the LATER HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY?

A
  • increased leisure time
  • growth in organised junior sport
  • ‘obesity epidemic’
  • more opportunities for disabled
  • greater participation by women
  • greater media coverage
  • increased car ownership
  • more disposable income
116
Q

Describe how improved facilities led to greater participation in sport in the later half of the century

A
  • 1964-First purpose built sports centre in Essex
  • introduction of flood lights, games played in evenings
  • 1970s- synthetic outdoor playing surface- hockey and tennis benefited from this
117
Q

PREDICTED ESSAY QUESTION:

What are the most important developments in popular entertainment from 1900 to present day?

what are the 4 factors?

A

Cinema

TV

Radio

Pop music linked to modern technology

118
Q

What 6 factors caused an increase in spectator sport in the early 20th century?

A

increased leisure time

influence of radio

rivalries between regions

attraction of sporting heroes

competitions and tournaments

better transport

119
Q

What is social class?

A

the division in society based on a persons background and income

120
Q

What are some negative impacts of tv ON SPORT?

A

less of an emphasis on fair play and more of an emphasis on winning

Too much money stays at the higher levels of sport making it difficult for less wealthy individuals to compete

TV has changed the rules of certain sports and dictated the timing of some sporting events

121
Q

What are some positive impacts of tv ON SPORT?

A

allows fans to watch their favourite sports at home

has popularised sport, especially some minority sport

Sponsorship and the selling of television rights have generated vast sums of money for sport

122
Q

Describe how the growth of junior sport led to a greater participation in sport in the later half of the 20th century

A

local sports clubs eg football, started to coach and organise junior teams for all sexes and ages

National youth movements like the Urdd Gobaith Cymru introduced sports competitions into their festivals

123
Q

Describe how the development of disability sports led to a greater participation in sport in the later half of the 20th century

A

sport was introduced as a form of rehabilitation for injured ex-service people after WW2

1948 olympics in London resulted in the introduction of competitions for wheel chair athletes at Stoke Mandeville hospital- evolved into modern Paralympic games

local authorities have worked with organisations to improve sporting facilities for disabled people

124
Q

Describe how the obesity epidemic led to a greater participation in sport in the later half of the 20th century

A

new sports centres were built

private gyms opened across the country and became very popular

125
Q

Describe the developments in music technology

A

1979- Walkman- a portable audio cassette player

1982-CD players

2000s- mp3 players and smart phones

126
Q

Describe the development of pop on television in the late 20th century

A

Top of the Pops was very popular

Music videos popular

127
Q

Describe music in the 1980s and 1990s

A

Britpop- a style of music of the 1990s which looked back on guitar pop music of the 1960s -eg Blur

Cool Cymru- a nickname for the welsh musical scene in the late 1990s

128
Q

Describe music in the 1970s

A

Glam rock- performed by singers who wore outrageous clothes, make up and hairstyles eg- David Bowie

Punk rock- a fast and aggressive music style, often with offensive lyrics

129
Q

Describe the growth of television up to the 1950s

A

BBC began television broadcasts in 1936 but very few people owned a TV

Due to was, BBC stopped television broadcasts

BOOM in television ownership as a result of the broadcast of the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953

ITV was launched in 1955 - start of commercial TV

130
Q

What opportunities did people have for holidays up to 1950?

A

seaside resorts

spa towns

Day excursions

Grand tour of Europe- for rich

Hiking, cycling and camping

Holiday camps

131
Q

When was the ‘high point’ of British holidays?

A

1945-65

132
Q

What are some reasons for the growth in British holidays after 1945?

A
  • people felt relief at the end of the war which encouraged spending
  • better wages
  • more people were entitled for holiday with pay
  • better road transport
  • holiday camps - Butlins- developed
  • Better advertising of holidays
133
Q

Describe the growth of caravan holidays after WW2

A
  • sharp growth
  • caravans offered a cheap form of holiday- affordable to working class
  • number of caravan sites increased
  • Caravans provided independence- escape from home life
134
Q

Describe the growth of the holiday camp after WW2

A

50s and 60s were the ‘golden age’ of the holiday camp

many disused army camps were converted into holiday camps

provided accommodation, food and entertainment for one price

Butlins continued to expand

135
Q

Describe the growth of the motor car on holidays after WW2

A
  • improved wages meant more people could own a car
  • in 60s, 1 in 4 families owned a car
  • motels began to appear
  • more day trips
136
Q

What are some negative impacts of the growth of the motor car?

A
  • overcrowding on roads

- more roads had to be built to tackle congestion

137
Q

What activities do national parks offer?

A

walking

climbing

cycling

horseriding

watersports

138
Q

Why were national parks set up?

A
  • desire to protect local environment
  • desire to provide access to stunning and unspoilt scenery
  • hoped parks would promote rural tourism and offer a wide rage of experiences
139
Q

describe the development of package holidays and travel to foreign destinations from the 1960s

A
  • cheaper air travel in 1960s made holidays in the Mediterranean more affordable
  • Travel companies began to offer package holidays abroad
  • Pontins set up ‘Pontinental holidays’- all inclusive holidays to Spain ect
  • By 1970s large stretches of the coast in southern Europe had become geared to mass tourism
140
Q

Describe the development of long haul flights and cheaper air travel from the 1960s

A
  • ‘Sky train’ in 1980s- offered cheap flights to the USA

- Laid the foundations for other low budget air lines such as easyjet

141
Q

Describe the impact of the package holiday from the 1960s

A
  • led to lifestyle changes as people experiment with foreign cooking
  • clothing began to change- more shorts and tshirts
  • UK resorts began to decline in popularity
142
Q

Describe the British holiday fight back and the updating of traditional resorts in the later 20th century

A
  • holiday camps seen as old fashioned
  • Butlins attempted to rebrand itself in the 1980s by developing ‘themed worlds’
  • upmarket versions of holiday camps began to open- Center Parks in the 80s
  • seaside resorts built large leisure complexes
  • Beach resorts attempted to clean up their environment- Blue Flag scheem
143
Q

Describe the development of hiking, cycling and camping holidays in the early 20th century

A

1930s saw developments in these types of breaks

1930- Youth Hostel Association by established- provided cheap accommodation

cycling clubs became popular

144
Q

Describe theatres at the start of the 20th century

A

attracted middle-class crowds. A more formal place of entertainment. Seated in rows

144
Q

What kinds of entertainment influenced people’s lives up to 1945? (3 factors)

A
  • theatres and music halls
  • social activities provided by the church
  • pubs and institutes
144
Q

What are some reasons for the growth in the popularity of cinema in the 20th century?

A
  • the novelty of new technology, a moving picture, was appealing
  • was a form of social entertainment
  • ticket prices were cheap
  • films provided a form of escapism (the attempt to avoid reality by indulging in pleasurable fantasies)
144
Q

When was the ‘golden age’ of cinema?

A

1930s

over half the UK population went to the cinema at least once a week

144
Q

What were some impacts of the radio in the 20th century?

A

entertained- allowing people to listen to popular music in their own homes

encouraged families to socialise- would gather around the radio

it became international

vital source of information- especially during WW2

Listen to live sporting events

144
Q

What were 2 major developments in entertainment in the 1950s and 1960s?

A

TV

Pop music

144
Q

Describe the structure of the music industry

A

Musicians compose and perform

companies create and sell music- eg Sony

people who promote

people who broadcast music

music journalists and magazines

144
Q

Describe the development of pop concerts for good causes

A

1970s- Rock against Racism

1985- live Aid concert

comic and sports relief continues today

144
Q

What are some impacts of TV?

A
  • provides home entertainment
  • can be influential and persuasive
  • Can impact life style -‘couch potatoes’
  • Allows people to keep up to date with news and current affairs
  • bad language, violence and sexual content can have an effect on people
  • Can provide education
144
Q

Describe the development of computers, interactive gaming and the internet

A
  • 1980s- nintendo
  • The internet has had a dramatic impact on entertainment, providing instant communication via email and social networking sites
144
Q

What are spa towns?

A

a town where water comes out of the ground and people come to drink it or lie in it because they think it will improve their health

144
Q

Give an example of a spa town

A

Bath

144
Q

What and when was the holiday with pay act?

A

1938- a legal requirement for all employers to provide holiday with pay

144
Q

Describe the greater use of charabancs and private cars in the early 20th century

A

developments in road transport opened up new destinations

people had more chance to explore the countryside

for less wealthy, the motorbike provided a cheaper method of transport

144
Q

What are some new tourist attractions?

A
  • themeparks- eg Thorpe Park- Surry
  • Country parks and nature trails- Millennium coastal Park, Llanelli
  • Heritage centres and museums- eg Ironbridge, shropshire- a collection of museums relating to the industrial revolution
144
Q

How have trends in holiday patterns changed or stayed similar?

A

25% of British people holidayed abroad in 2012, a figure which matched that of 1970

holidays used to last longer and cost more

Holiday destinations have changed with certain ‘hot spots’ developing at different times. in the 70s, Majorca and Ibiza were very popular. Now, cities like Barcelona and Amsterdam are popular for short breaks

now it is easier to book flights, hotels and excursions due to sophisticated advertising and competition between travel firms

holiday companies have begun to target specific groups

It has become more popular to have more than one holiday a year (multi holidays)

144
Q

Describe the impact of environmental concerns of travel

A

there are attempts to reduces the carbon footprint of tourism

-eg ecotourism- offering locally sourced food, using solar energy

144
Q

How have theme parks beenimportant in the development of the British tourism industry?

A
  • offer an exciting alternative holiday experience
  • compete with each other, building even more exciting rides and attractions
  • Help keep the British holiday industry alive and allows the fight back against the appeal of overseas holidays

History (4 decks)

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