Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History > American West > Flashcards

American West Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
0
Q

What is the homestead act?

A

An act to encourage people to settle in the west by giving each family 160 acres of land for free if they farmed on it for 5 years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

When was the homestead act passed?

A

1862

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When was the timber culture act passed?

A

1873

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What was the timber culture act?

A

Act allowing families to gain a further 160 acres of land for free provided they planted 40 acres with trees.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When was the desert land act passed?

A

1877

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was the desert land act?

A

An act giving settlers the right to buy 640 acres of land cheaply in areas where lack of rainfall was a particular problem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was the effect of the homestead act, timber culture act and desert land act?

A

It made millions of acres of land available for homesteaders to settle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When was the end of the American civil war?

A

1865

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why did the civil war ending lead to people settling on the plains?

A

Demobilised soldiers were looking for a new life and jobs so settled in the plains becoming farmers for example

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When was the end of slavery?

A

1865

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How did the end of slavery lead to people moving onto the plains?

A

Freed black people could now live where they wanted to. Many decided to become farmers on the plains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When was the railway which connected the east of America with the west finished?

A

1869

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What part did the railway play in making people settle on the plains?

A

It made it easier for homesteaders to get to the plains and settle there.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who invented the windmill?

A

Daniel Halliday

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When was the windmill invented

A

1874

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who invented barbed wire?

A

Joseph Glidden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When was barbed wire invented?

A

1874

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who invented the sod buster?

A

John Deere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who introduced the hard winter wheat: Turkey red hard?

A

Russian immigrants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is dry farming?

A

Ploughing wet land which left a layer of dust that trapped in moisture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When was the ghost dance movement?

A

1890

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the ghost dance movement

A

1890
Wovoka began dance on the reservations believing it would protect them and lead to the defeat of the whites
Sitting bull was supporting the dance and got killed when the whites tried to arrest him
Whites worried about the dance so banned it on the reservations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When was the battle of Little Bighorn?

A

June 1876

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Q 2b

A

Why was source f published in……?

This source shows
This source was published in….. Which is important because…
The purpose of this source is to…
This source is important because….. ( what was the effect of the source)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When was gold first found in the west?

A

1848

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When and who said Americans are destined to spread over the continent taking their culture and Christianity?

A

John o’sullivan - manifest destiny

1845

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When was the Johnson county war?

A

1889

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How many people did billy the kid kill?

A

21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

By 1890 how many buffalo were left

A

300

30 million to 300 by 1890

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Who killed sitting bull and when?

A

A member of the best median police

1890

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What was the most important reason why there was lawlessness in the Wild West?

A

Poor and lack of police force
Economic conflict
Cow/ mining towns and individuals
Racial tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What was the main reason the early pioneers crossed the plains?

A

Gold miners
Early Oregon and Californian settlers
Mormons
Animal furs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What was the main factor in encouraging the later settlement of the plains?

A

Rail road / communications
Government acts
New technology/ techniques
Ranching

33
Q

What was the most important feature of the life style of the plains Indians?

A

Buffalo
Tipi
Spirit world
Family life

34
Q

What was the most important reason for the defeat of the Indians for the plains?

A

Reservations
Lack on unity
Us army’s tactics and weapons
Destruction of buffalo

35
Q

What were mining and cow towns like?

A 
Lived in shacks 
Poor living and working conditions 
Food limited
Saloons 
Shop keepers charged high prices
Hanging common
Racism - Mexican Chinese and Indians
36
Q

What were some types of crime?

A 
Bank robbery
Cattle rustling - Johnson county war 
Claim jumping 
Fence cutting
Horse stealing - serious.  Death as punishment
Train robbery - 1866 first train robbery
37
Q

Who were vigilantes?

A

People who took law into their own hands

Did he French make mistakes and could be motivated by racism and personal vengeance

38
Q

Name some law enforcers

A

Wyatt Earp

Wild Bill Hickock

39
Q

Describe the sod houses

A

Mud floors, walls and roof - hard to clean
Pests - snakes bedbugs and mice
Disease
Dark inside - lack of Windows

40
Q

Problems of living on the plains

A

Water shortages - wells were expensive
Extreme weather - killed crops
Ploughing- roots of prairie grass were very tough
Weak crops - maize could not survive

41
Q

Who invented the wind pump and when?

A

1874

Daniel Halliday

42
Q

What was the role of woman homesteaders?

A 
Almost same as men
Mothers
Housewives
Harvesting 
Collect cattle chips 
Making clothes
43
Q

How did ranching develop?

A

Civil war ends - 1865
Texans return to see their cattle have bred
Cattle worth more in east
GOODNIGHT and LOVING start driving their cattle to railroad
JOSEPH MCCOY - Abilene as cow town near railroad

RANCHING DEVELOPS IN THE 1860s

44
Q

Why was the open range successful?

A

Most buffalo gone so no competition for grass
Indians defeated
Texas long horns - sturdy

45
Q

Who set up one of the first cowtowns and what what it called?

A

Joseph Mccoy

Sets up Abilene

46
Q

Q 1c

A

How useful are sources E and D for a historian studying….

COP x2

Context
Origin
Purpose

Conclusion

47
Q

2a

A

2/3 facts

Explain

48
Q

2c

A

One interpretation is……… How far do you agree with this interpretation?

One interpretation is (example in q)
Own knowledge
Why have this view
Valid?

Another interpretation is that….
Own knowledge
Would have this view because…
Valid?

Evidence 3 supports evidence ….. Because
Source would have this view because…
Valid?

Conclusion
Most valid interpretation

49
Q

1b

A

source c shows…. Because x2

From my own knowledge….x2

50
Q

1a

A

Source a shows that
This suggests that

Source b shows that
This suggest that

51
Q

Describe the events of the Johnson county war

A

The Johnson county- very powerful - hired gunfighter so to hunt cattle rustlers
Jim Averill (1889) writes in a newspaper against cattle barons (eg Johnson county) Averill and his partner were lynched
Cattle Barrons brought to trial and never had the same power again
- end of large ranches

52
Q

Describe the rendez vous

A

Based at army forts
Mountain men would meet up to trade their fur with necessities
Like beaver traps and rifles.
Party atmosphere meant they drunk and gambled away everything they earned that year

53
Q

Why did the open range come to an end?

A
  • too many cattle
  • 1883 drought killed grass
  • demand for beef falls in the east so price drops
  • 1874 barbed wire - cheap and easy way to fence cattle
  • 1874 wind pump- each ranch can have its own water source
  • 1889 Johnson county war. Many cattle barons are unpopular
54
Q

Why was there conflict between homesteaders and ranchers?

A 
Both want same land
Cattle drives damage homesteaders crops 
Cattle spread disease
Homesteaders fence land- cuts off ranchers access to water 
➡️ leads to fence cutting
55
Q

Describe the features of the Great Plains

A

Rocky Mountains

Mississippi River

Very dry

Extreme climate

Hot in summer, cold in winter

Windy all year round

56
Q

Describe the Indians social organisations

A

Chiefs- elected due to their wisdom, spiritual power, medicine or skills as a hunter or warrior.

Councils- all men, would make decisions after listening to the chief. A ceremonial pipe would be smoked symbolic to ask guidance from the great spirit.

57
Q

Describe the family life of Indians

A

Believed in polygamy

Woman- mom emailers, cared for children

Men- hunting, protected band

Children- learned practical skills

Customs and beliefs were passed down orally

58
Q

Describe the tipi and how it was adapted to life on the plains

A

Versatile and strong

Transportable- packed away fast and made into a travois

Conical shape to withstand winds

Warm in winter- banking earth around the sides

Cool in summer- rolling up sides

59
Q

Describe the importance of the horse to Indians

A

Safer and more effective way of hunting

Allowed Indians to move further and quicker increasing hunting possibilities and raids on enemies to steal more horses.

60
Q

Describe the importance of the spirit world to Indians

A

Spirit world- where all creatures and plant influenced each other

WAKAN TANKA and the great spirit were often called upon to guide the tribe.

61
Q

Describe the importance on the sacred lands to the Indians.

A

The BLACK HILLS was sacred land

Believed no one could own land and farming damaged their Mother Earth

This caused conflict with settlers

62
Q

Describe the importance on visions, dances and ceremonies to Indians.

A

Visions- messages from the spirit world to guide the tribe

Buffalo dance- for luck before the hunt

Sun dance - painful- performed to seek help from spirits

Pipe smoking rituals- smoke evoked guidance from spirits.

63
Q

Describe the importance of the medicine man

A

Used power of the spirits to cure people.

Would interpret visions

Important

64
Q

What were the pull factors for early pioneers crossing the plains?

A

Stories from mountain men made the west seem like a paradise

Manifest destiny

Gold

65
Q

Describe the Californian gold rush

A

1848- Marshall struck gold

Later that year, Brennan returned to San Francisco with the news

News broke in the east. People in east heard stories of earning $1000 a day gold digging. In reality, they only earned $3

Clams jumping

Mining towns- crime

1852- Surface gold ran out

66
Q

Who was the founder of Mormon religion?

A

Joseph smith

67
Q

Who took over the Mormons when Joseph smith dies and when?

A

Brigham Young

1845

68
Q

Describe the life of Cowboys

A

Helped on the ranch

Rounded up cattle

Hard hard life

Enjoyed women, tobacco and whisky

69
Q

Describe the roll of sheriffs

A

Elected by people of the county

Had to control s big area

70
Q

Describe the pattern the government dealt with Indians

A

Indians sign a treaty.

Settlers break treaty

Indians attack settlers

Army protect settlers

Army defeats Indians

Indians sign treaty

71
Q

When was the start of the reservations? (the Fort Laramie Treaty)?

A

1851

72
Q

When was gold discovered in the Rockies?

A

1859

73
Q

Describe the Sand Creek Masscre

A

1851- Fort Laramie Treaty- start of reservations

1859- Gold discovered in rockies so miners break treaty

1861- Fort Lyon Treaty- poor quality reservation, indians do not accept so go on war path

1863- BLACK KETTLE and tribe are starving- attack miners.

Chivington and volunteers attack indians when sleeping. Said was going to kill as many as possible

160 KILLED - INCLUDING WOMEN AND CHILDREN

As a result, Indians increased Attacks, Indians give up claim to land

74
Q

When was the Sand Creek Massacre?

A

1864

75
Q

When was the Battle of Little Big Horn?

A

1876

76
Q

Describe the Battle of Little Bighorn

A

1868- 2nd Fort Laramie Treaty give Black Hills to Indians.

1874- gold discovered in Black Hills

gov offer $6 million for land but indians refuse

Custer decides to trap indians. He finds them before rest of troop. Some of troop were stopped by indians.

Custer went on without their help

All men, including Custer were killed by Crazy Horse and 2000 indians

As a result, Crazy Horse was killed and indians forced to sell black hills and on reservations, all weapons and horses were removed.

77
Q

Why did the Indians win the Battle of Little Bighorn?

A

greater numbers.

indians had better rifles

leadership of crazy horse

Custer arrogance- carried on with only 200 men- wanted glory

Custer decided not to take gating guns

78
Q

When was the Battle of Wounded Knee?

A

1890

79
Q

Describe the Battle of Wounded Knee

A

1887- Dawes Act- divided reservations up and good land sold to whites.

Land for farming was poor so indians began to starve

Wovoka began Ghost Dance- believed it would lead to white’s defeat

Sitting Bull was supporting dance and got killed when indian police tried to arrest him

Sitting Bull’s followers fled to Wounded Knee

Were being disarbed when a warrior resisted and Custer’s old troop (prehaps looking for revenge) opened fire with Hotchkiss cannons

in 10 mins, nearly 150 indians killed

MARKED THE END OF THE PLAINS WARS

80
Q

What is order of the Plains wars and dates?

A

1864- Sand Creek Massacre

1876- The Battle of Little Bighorn

1890- Battle of wounded knee

81
Q

Who started the ghost dance in 1890?

A

Wokoka

History (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions