Topic 2 - Proteins

Question 1

amino acid

Answer 1

the monomers that make up proteins

Question 2

structure of amino acid

Answer 2

an amine group, a carboxyl group and a variable R grouo

Question 3

polymers

Answer 3

a large group of monomers bonded together in a chain

Question 4

monomers

Answer 4

the smaller units from which larger molecules are made

Question 5

Condensation Reaction

Answer 5

a type of reaction that bonds 2 molecules together with the removal of water and the formation of a chemical bond

Question 6

hydrolysyis

Answer 6

breaking a chemical bond between 2 molecules involving a water molecule

Question 7

dipeptide

Answer 7

a molecule formed by the condensation of 2 amino acids

Question 8

polypeptide

Answer 8

a molecule formed by the condensation of many amino acids

Question 9

enzyme

Answer 9

A protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst and increases the rate of biochemical reactions.

Question 10

fibrous proteins

Answer 10

long chain proteins that are insoluble and usually have structural roles
have hydrophobic r groups on the outside
have little tertiary structure

Question 11

globular proteins

Answer 11

spherical shaped proteins that are generally water soluble and typically have metabolic roles.

Question 12

compare globular and fibrous proteins

Answer 12

globular is spherical, fibrous are long strands
fibrous are structural roles globular have metabolic roles
both have hydrogen, ionic bonds and disulphide bridges
fibrous proteins are insoluble in water whereas globular are soluble
fibrous proteins have hydrophobic r groups on the outside whereas hydrophilic

Question 13

primary structure

Answer 13

a polypeptide

Question 14

secondary structure

Answer 14

formation of alpha helixes or beta pleated sheets

Question 15

tertiary structure

Answer 15

the way a protein folds into a 3 dimensional structure

Question 16

quaternary structure

Answer 16

multiple polypeptides folding into 3 d structure

Question 17

hydrogen bond

Answer 17

a weak bond formed between a slightly positive hydrogen and a slightly negative oxygen/other atom

Question 18

haemoglobin

Answer 18

example of a globular protein, used to transport oxygen, made up of 4 polypeptide chains each containing a haem group

Question 19

collagen

Answer 19

example of a fibrous protein, provides strength to many different cell types and make up connective tissue

Question 20

intracellular enzyme

Answer 20

enzyme that works within the cell

Question 21

extracellular enzyme

Answer 21

enzyme that works outside of the cell

Question 22

ribosomal rna

Answer 22

rna that makes up ribosomes

Question 23

ribosome

Answer 23

organelle found in cytoplasm of cells that carries out protein synthesis

Question 24

what does an r group do

Answer 24

a side chain attached to a molecule that determines chemical properties

Question 25

what is the importance of hydrogen bonds

Answer 25

it affects how many bonds form and where, will affect secondary and tertiary structure

Question 26

importance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acid side groups

Answer 26

hydrophilic, soluble in water / hydrophobic, insoluble in water -
Can affect water potential - when hydrophilic - dissolves in blood plasma
Hydrophobic has no affect

Question 27

how do ionic bonds form

Answer 27

form between charged side chains of different amino acids

Question 28

peptide bonds

Answer 28

the bonds formed between amino acids