Topic 1 - Biological Molecules

Question 1

what are the three Ss

Answer 1

Source, Store, Structure

Question 2

what is glycogen

Answer 2

a source and a store

Question 3

what bonds form between saccharides

Answer 3

glycosidic bonds

Question 4

what is a polysaccharide

Answer 4

a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of sugars bonded together

Question 5

what kind of glycosidic bonds are there

Answer 5

1-4 and 1-6

Question 6

what kind of bonds does glycogen have

Answer 6

1-4 and 1-6

Question 7

what does glycogen being heavily branched mean

Answer 7

that it’s compact and doesn’t occupy a large amount of space

Question 8

how and where is glycogen stored

Answer 8

as dense granules in the liver and muscle cells

Question 9

how can glucose monomers be snipped from a glycogen molecule and when

Answer 9

hydrolysis
for respiration

Question 10

where is starch found

Answer 10

in plant cells

Question 11

what is starch

Answer 11

a source and store

Question 12

how is starch formed

Answer 12

when alpha glucose monomers are joined together by glycosidic bonds during a condensation reaction

Question 13

how many polysaccharides make up starch and are they branched or unbranched

Answer 13

2
1 branched and 1 unbranched

Question 14

what is the name of unbranched chain d what is it hydrolysed by

Answer 14

amylase which is hydrolysed by amylose

Question 15

what are 3 examples of disaccharides

Answer 15

maltose, sucrose and galactose

Question 16

what structure is glycogen

Answer 16

hexose

Question 17

what structure is fructose1

Answer 17

pentose

Question 18

what monomers make up
i) maltose
ii) sucrose
iii) galactose

Answer 18

i) 2x alpha glucose
ii) 1x alpha glucose + 1x fructose
iii) 1x alpha glucose + 1x beta glucose

Question 19

what is the difference between alpha and beta glucose

Answer 19

in alpha glucose, the OH group is below the ring but in beta it is above

Question 20

what is the significance of glycosidic bonds

Answer 20

affect the structure of polysaccharides causing them to be branched or unbranched which is relevant in relation to their roles either as an energy store or as a structural unit

Question 21

what is a disaccharide

Answer 21

2 monomers joined together by glycosidic bonds through a condensation reaction

Question 22

what is a monosaccharide

Answer 22

the individual sugar monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made

Question 23

what is a saturated fatty acid

Answer 23

a type of fatty acid molecule containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms

Question 24

what and where are ester bonds is formed

Answer 24

a type of bond formed by a condensation reaction which joins each of the fatty acid tails to the glycerol molecule in triglyceride