Topic 2 - Ionic Bonding Flashcards
What colour does a potassium cation go in a flame?
Lilac
What colour does a sodium cation go in a flame?
Yellow and orange
What colour does a calcium cation flame go in a flame?
Brick red
What colour does a copper cation go in a flame?
Green-blue
Are common sodium, potassium and ammonium salts soluble or insoluble in water?
Yes, they are soluble in water
Are nitrates soluble or insoluble in water?
They are soluble in water
Are most chlorides soluble or insoluble?
Soluble
What chlorides are not soluble?
Lead chloride and silver chloride
Are most sulphates soluble or insoluble?
Soluble
What sulphates are insoluble?
Lead sulphate, barium sulphate, calcium sulphate
What carbonates are soluble in water?
Sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and ammonium carbonate
Are most carbonates soluble or insoluble?
Insoluble
Are most hydroxides soluble or insoluble?
Insoluble
What hydroxides are soluble?
Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide
What is ionic bonding?
When atoms transfer (lose of gains) of electrons to form positively or negatively charged atoms (or group of atoms) called ions
Why are the ions strongly attracted to each other in ionic bonding?
Because of the attraction between opposite charges (- and +)
What groups in the periodic table are most likely to form ions?
Group 1&2 and 6&7 are the most likely to form ions
What groups from the periodic table lose electrons?
1 and 2
What groups in the periodic table gain electrons?
6 and 7
What groups in the periodic table as anions?
6 and 7
What groups in the periodic table as cations?
1 and 2
What kind of structure do ionic compounds have?
A regular lattice structure
Why do ions form a closely packed regular lattice structure?
Because ionic bonds are very string electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
Do ionic compounds have a high or a low melting and boiling point?
High melting and boiling point. This is because of the strong bonds between the ions (electrostatic forces of attraction) and so it takes a lot of energy to break them
When do ionic compounds conduct electricity? Why?
When molten or aqueous.
- This is because an an aqueous solution, the ions separate and are free to move, so they can carry electric current.
- When they melt, the same thing happens. The ions are free to move and they’ll carry electric current.
When TWO different elements join, the compounds name ends with what?
something-IDE
When THREE OR MORE different elements join, the compounds name ends with what?
Something-ATE
How can you test for carbonates? What is the equation?
- Bubble substance through lime water
- If it goes cloudy and milky, it contain CO2
acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
How to test for a sulphate ion
Add a dilute acid (ie hydrochloric acid) followed by barium chloride solution
A white precipitate of barium sulphate means the original compound was a sulphate
How to test for a chloride solution
Add dilute nitric acid followed by silver nitrate solution
A chloride gives a white precipitate of silver chloride
How would you use a sodium carbonate and a copper chloride to produce a pure, dry sample of copper carbonate?
Mix them together
Filter the mixture
Wash copper carbonate with deionised water which then removes traces of sodium chloride
Leave to dry in a warm place
How can you tell if it is a metal or an ionic compound?
Conduct electricity through it when in its solid form. If it conducts it is a metal, if not it is an ionic compund
What is a precipitate?
A solid product formed from 2 or more aqueous reactants
Are nitrates soluble or insoluble?
SOLUBLE
What is the word equation for a precipitate reaction?
solution (aq) + solution (aq) -> solution + solid (precipitate)
What do we do to find out what ions are in an ionic substance?
Flame tests
Are metals a cation or anion
Cations
Why do we study the colour of the precipitate?
To determine the anion present
