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Chemistry - B2 > Topic 2 - Ionic Bonding > Flashcards

Topic 2 - Ionic Bonding Flashcards

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0
Q

What colour does a potassium cation go in a flame?

A

Lilac

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1
Q

What colour does a sodium cation go in a flame?

A

Yellow and orange

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2
Q

What colour does a calcium cation flame go in a flame?

A

Brick red

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3
Q

What colour does a copper cation go in a flame?

A

Green-blue

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4
Q

Are common sodium, potassium and ammonium salts soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Yes, they are soluble in water

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5
Q

Are nitrates soluble or insoluble in water?

A

They are soluble in water

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6
Q

Are most chlorides soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

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7
Q

What chlorides are not soluble?

A

Lead chloride and silver chloride

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8
Q

Are most sulphates soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

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9
Q

What sulphates are insoluble?

A

Lead sulphate, barium sulphate, calcium sulphate

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10
Q

What carbonates are soluble in water?

A

Sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and ammonium carbonate

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11
Q

Are most carbonates soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

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12
Q

Are most hydroxides soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

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13
Q

What hydroxides are soluble?

A

Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide

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14
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

When atoms transfer (lose of gains) of electrons to form positively or negatively charged atoms (or group of atoms) called ions

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15
Q

Why are the ions strongly attracted to each other in ionic bonding?

A

Because of the attraction between opposite charges (- and +)

16
Q

What groups in the periodic table are most likely to form ions?

A

Group 1&2 and 6&7 are the most likely to form ions

17
Q

What groups from the periodic table lose electrons?

A

1 and 2

18
Q

What groups in the periodic table gain electrons?

A

6 and 7

19
Q

What groups in the periodic table as anions?

A

6 and 7

20
Q

What groups in the periodic table as cations?

A

1 and 2

21
Q

What kind of structure do ionic compounds have?

A

A regular lattice structure

22
Q

Why do ions form a closely packed regular lattice structure?

A

Because ionic bonds are very string electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

23
Q

Do ionic compounds have a high or a low melting and boiling point?

A

High melting and boiling point. This is because of the strong bonds between the ions (electrostatic forces of attraction) and so it takes a lot of energy to break them

24
Q

When do ionic compounds conduct electricity? Why?

A

When molten or aqueous.

  • This is because an an aqueous solution, the ions separate and are free to move, so they can carry electric current.
  • When they melt, the same thing happens. The ions are free to move and they’ll carry electric current.
25
Q

When TWO different elements join, the compounds name ends with what?

A

something-IDE

26
Q

When THREE OR MORE different elements join, the compounds name ends with what?

A

Something-ATE

27
Q

How can you test for carbonates? What is the equation?

A
  • Bubble substance through lime water
  • If it goes cloudy and milky, it contain CO2

acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

28
Q

How to test for a sulphate ion

A

Add a dilute acid (ie hydrochloric acid) followed by barium chloride solution

A white precipitate of barium sulphate means the original compound was a sulphate

29
Q

How to test for a chloride solution

A

Add dilute nitric acid followed by silver nitrate solution

A chloride gives a white precipitate of silver chloride

30
Q

How would you use a sodium carbonate and a copper chloride to produce a pure, dry sample of copper carbonate?

A

Mix them together
Filter the mixture
Wash copper carbonate with deionised water which then removes traces of sodium chloride
Leave to dry in a warm place

31
Q

How can you tell if it is a metal or an ionic compound?

A

Conduct electricity through it when in its solid form. If it conducts it is a metal, if not it is an ionic compund

32
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

A solid product formed from 2 or more aqueous reactants

33
Q

Are nitrates soluble or insoluble?

A

SOLUBLE

34
Q

What is the word equation for a precipitate reaction?

A

solution (aq) + solution (aq) -> solution + solid (precipitate)

35
Q

What do we do to find out what ions are in an ionic substance?

A

Flame tests

36
Q

Are metals a cation or anion

A

Cations

37
Q

Why do we study the colour of the precipitate?

A

To determine the anion present

Chemistry - B2 (8 decks)

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