Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RHS Level 2 Principles of Plant Growth & Development > Topic 2 Element 4 - Plant Pests and Pathogens > Flashcards

Topic 2 Element 4 - Plant Pests and Pathogens Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Certified Sommelier Exam (CMS 2) flashcards
1
Q

How are pests and pathogens introduced to a site?

A
  • air-borne by wind and rain
  • soil-borne by movement of soil and tools
  • water-borne by spores of root rot (Phytophthora)
  • packaging and wood which can host pests and pathogens
  • migration with climate change
  • plant trade
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are Fungi pathogens?

A
  • Mycelium (fungal strands)
  • block vascular tissue
  • wilting occurs
  • spread by asexual spores in damp weather
  • coat leaves and reduce photosynthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are Bacteria pathogens?

A
  • tissue decays
  • wounds may appear producing slime or gum
  • foliage may rapidly wilt
  • foliage may discolour with the decay
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are Virus pathogens?

A
  • spreads rapidly through plant as cells divide
  • changes cell functions
  • cells may change colour
  • results in weaker or distorted plants
  • reduced yield
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are Sap-Suckers?

A
  • pests that can transmit viruses
  • cause localised cell death causing leaf mottling
  • excrete honeydew, creating sooty mould on leaves blocking photosynthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Biters?

A
  • pests that eat away foliage or root area
  • opening on foliage can be entry points to disease
  • trees that are bark ringed causes vascular tissue to die
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Raspers?

A
  • pest that tear foliage so that it is unable to photosynthesise
  • weak plants often entice raspers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the economic threshold of acceptable loss to pests and diseases?

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the Biological controls of pest and pathogens?

A
  • Pathogenic
  • Parasitic
  • Predators
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the definition of Biological controls?

A

Biological controls are deliberately introduced that are not naturally occuring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are Pathogenic controls?

Part of Biological controls

A

Pathogenic controls are organisms that are introduced to infect or lead to infection in pests.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are Parasitic controls?

Part of Biological controls

A

Parasitic controls are insects that will lay eggs within a pest. It’s young will then eat it from the inside out.

Aphidius is a parasitic wasp that is used to treat aphids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What a Predator controls?

Part of Biological controls

A

Predator controls are normally insects that eat pests.

Ladybirds are used to control ahids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the defination of Cultural controls?

A

Cultural controls are ways of modifying the garden environment to hamper pests’ breeding, feeding, and shelter habits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the Cultural controls of pests and pathogens?

A
  • encouraging naturally beneficial organisms
  • crop rotation
  • hygiene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Example of encouraging naturally beneficial organisms

Part of Cultural controls

A

Building a pond to attract frogs to predate slugs.

17
Q

How does crop rotation help in controling pests and pathogens?

Part of Cultural controls

A

Not growing crops in successive years in the same soil prevents a build up of host-specific pests and pathogens

Examples: Potato blight & Potato cyst eelworm

18
Q

How does Hygiene help control pests and pathogens?

Part of Cultural controls

A

Regularly cleaning tools prevents the spread of spores or eggs.

19
Q

What is the definition of Physical control?

A

Physical pest control is a method of getting rid of insects and small rodents by killing, removing, or setting up barriers.

20
Q

What are the Physical controls of pests and pathogens?

A
  • creating barriers or fences
  • hand removal
  • sticky traps
21
Q

How can creating barriers or fences help deter pests or pathogens?

Part of Physical controls

A
  • prevents deer/rabbit damage
  • isolates plants with pests or pathogens
22
Q

How can hand removal help with pests or pathogens?

Part of Physical controls

A

cutting out infested / infected growth
removing pests

Jets of water can be used to remove aphids.

23
Q

How do sticky traps help with pests or pathogens?

Part of Physical controls

A

collects and traps airbourne pests.

Example: fungus gnats

24
Q

What is the definition of Chemical controls?

A

Chemical control is using pesticides, fungicides and bactericides to control pests and diseases.

25
Q

What are Chemical controls of pests and pathogens?

A
  • Systemic pesticides
  • contact pesticides
26
Q

What is Systemic pesticides?

Part of Chemical control

A
  • includes fungicides and miticides
  • distributed around the plant
  • kills pests or diseases throughout the plant

Myclobutanil controls rusts and powdery mildew

27
Q

What are contact pesticides?

Part of Chemical control

A
  • not absorbed by the plant
  • only kills pests and pathogens it comes into contact with

Sulfur removes rust
Fatty acids block spiracles of aphids

28
Q

What is IPM?

A
  • Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
  • a range of controls to manage pests and diseases
  • chemical control is the last option
  • takes a long term view
  • minimises damage to non-target pests
29
Q

What are the stages of IPM?

A
  1. Scout
  2. Identify
  3. Monitor
  4. Action plan
  5. Implement cultural control
  6. Implement biological control
  7. Implement chemical control
30
Q

What is Ecological balance?

A

Healthy gardens must balance the predator or pest populations.

31
Q

What does the avoidance of using chemicals prevent?

A

Prevents a resistance building up

32
Q

What is the benefits of growing in soil rather than hydroponics with controlling pests and pathogens?

A

Spores can build and an ecosystem exists.

33
Q

How can temperature affect pests and pathogens?

A

Temperature can increase fecundity (pest breeding capacity).

Example: two spotted mite is susceptible to fecundity with temperatu

34
Q

How can humidity affect pests and pathogens?

A

Humidity can influence fecundity (pest breeding capacity)

Example: lowering fecundity for the two spotted mite and increasing

35
Q

What are Notifiable pests and pathogens?

A

Notifiable pests and pathogens are non-native species considered to have the greatest potential to damage woodland and native species.

36
Q

Who would you report any suspected sightings of notifiable pests or pathogens to?

A

Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)

37
Q

Which notifiable pest has the potential to cause widespread damage to Prunus species?

A

Red-necked longhorn beetle

38
Q

What are Resistant cultivars?

A

Plants bred to withstand a level of infection / infestation.

Example: **Daucus carota ‘Flyaway’ is resistant to carrot root fly.

RHS Level 2 Principles of Plant Growth & Development (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions