Topic 2 - Cells and Control Flashcards

1
Q

In human cells, what is a chromosome?

A

a structure found in nuclei, containing a DNA molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of cell division forms two identical daughter cells?

A

mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In which stage of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated?

A

interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In which stage of the cell cycle, at the end of mitosis, does the one cell divide into two?

A

cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What term describes a cell that has two sets of chromosomes?

A

diploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are plant meristems found?

A

tips of plant shoots and roots [also just inside bark of trees]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens in a plant meristem?

A

Cells divide rapidly by mitosis as the plant grows

unspecialised/stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens during cell differentiation?

A

Cells develop special features that help them carry out a particular function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is cell differentiation important to plants and animals?

A

Specialised cells are more effective at carrying out different functions in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A root hair cell is a specialised cell. What is its function?

A

to absorb water and dissolved mineral salts from the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is a root hair cell specialised to carry out its function?

A

It has a long extension into the soil that increases the surface area for absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain how one specialisation of a xylem vessel helps it carry out its function.

A

any one from: thickened wall to prevent collapse of tube/withstand pressure of water; no cell cytoplasm and lost cell walls to form long tubes through which water flows up the plant; small holes in thick cell wall so water can pass into and out of the vessel from surrounding cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name one feature, other than mass, that could be measured to show growth in a plant.

A

any suitable measure that will show change over time, such as: height, tree girth, leaf area, number of leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the type of cell division that cells use to make identical copies of themselves.

A

mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of cell has the ability to differentiate into specialised cells?

A

stem cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In what organ system would you find nerve cells?

A

the nervous system

17
Q

Are nerve cells diploid or haploid?

18
Q

What part of a nerve cell contains chromosomes?

19
Q

What part of a nerve cell makes proteins?

20
Q

Nerve cells require a lot of energy. What cell structure would you expect them to have a lot of?

A

mitochondria

21
Q

What is a nerve cell specialised to do?

A

carry electrical signals/impulses

22
Q

List your senses.

A

touch, hearing, sight, taste, smell, balance, temperature and plenty of others

23
Q

State the name of one organ in the nervous system.

A

brain, spinal cord or nerves or a named sense organ

24
Q

What type of cells detect stimuli?

A

receptor cells

25
In which sense organ would you find receptor cells that detect light waves?
eye
26
What are the electrical signals used in the nervous system called?
impulse
27
List, in order, the organs that an impulse goes through from the hand to the brain.
nerve(s), spinal cord
28
What are the two long ‘arms’ of a sensory neurone called?
dendron and axon
29
List, in order, the parts of a sensory neurone that an impulse goes through.
dendrite, dendron, axon, axon terminal
30
Why are sensory neurones so long?
to carry impulses quickly over long distances
31
What is the name of the fatty sheath that surrounds dendrons and axons?
myelin sheath
32
What does the myelin sheath do?
speeds up transmission of impulses, insulates neurones from each other
33
Where in the eye are receptor cells for light found?
retina
34
What are all the stages in the cell cycle
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
35
What happens in Prophase
The nucleus starts to break down and spindle fibres appear
36
What happens in Metaphase
The chromosomes are lined up on the spindle fibres across the middle of the cell
37
What happens in Anaphase
The chromosome copies are separated and moved to either end of the cell on the spindle fibres
38
What happens in Telophase
A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to form a nuclei
39
What happens in Cytokinesis
A cell surface membrane forms to separate the two cells. [Cell walls form in plant cells]