topic 2-cells and control

Question 1

what is mitosis

Answer 1

when cells divide and it makes two identical cells

Question 2

what is mitosis used for

Answer 2

grow or replace cells and to reproduce

Question 3

what’s the cell cycle in order

Answer 3

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 4

what happens in the interphase

Answer 4

it duplicates its DNA

Question 5

what happens in prophase

Answer 5

the membrane around the nucleus breaks down

Question 6

what happens in metaphase

Answer 6

the chromosome line up in the centre of the cell

Question 7

what happens in anaphase

Answer 7

spindle fibres pull the chromosomes to different ends

Question 8

what happens at telophase

Answer 8

membranes form around each chromosome

Question 9

what is produced at the end of mitosis

Answer 9

two daughter cells

Question 10

what is cell differentiation

Answer 10

where the cell changes to become specialised for its job

Question 11

what is cell division

Answer 11

by mitosis

Question 12

what is cell elongation

Answer 12

the plant cell expands making the plant grow

Question 13

how is cancer caused

Answer 13

where the cells divide by mitosis uncontrollably

Question 14

what chart is used to monitor growth

Answer 14

percentile charts

Question 15

what are stem cells

Answer 15

cells that can differentiate into different types of cells

Question 16

where are stem cells found (children)

Answer 16

human embryos

Question 17

where are stem cells found (adults)

Answer 17

bone marrow

Question 18

what are meristems

Answer 18

the only cells in a plant that divide by mitosis

Question 19

give one disadvantage of using stem cells in medicine

Answer 19

tumour development because the cells can divide rlly quick

Question 20

what makes up the central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 20

the brain and spinal cord

Question 21

what does the spinal cord do

Answer 21

relays information between the brain and the rest of the body

Question 22

what are the 3 main parts in the brain

Answer 22

cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata

Question 23

what does the cerebrum control

Answer 23

memory, language, movement

Question 24

what does the cerebellum responsible for

Answer 24

muscle coordination and balance

Question 25

what’s the medulla oblongata for

Answer 25

controls breathing and heart rate

Question 26

what are the two scanners used to investigate brain function

Answer 26

CT, PET

Question 27

what does the CT scanner show

Answer 27

the main structures but not the functions

Question 28

what do PET scanners show

Answer 28

the structure and function of the brain

Question 29

why is treating the central nervous system so tricky

Answer 29

because it’s hard to access and dangerous

Question 30

what is the nervous system made up of

Answer 30

neurones

Question 31

what does the CNS coordinate

Answer 31

a response

Question 32

what detects the stimulus

Answer 32

sensory receptors

Question 33

how is the stimulus info converted

Answer 33

stimulus, receptor, sensory neurone, CNS, motor neurone, effector, response

Question 34

what is reaction time

Answer 34

the time it takes to react to a stimulus

Question 35

what are the three neurones

Answer 35

sensory, motor, relay

Question 36

what is a synapse

Answer 36

the connection between two neurones

Question 37

what do reflexes do

Answer 37

prevent injury

Question 38

what does the cornea refract

Answer 38

light into the eye

Question 39

what does the iris do

Answer 39

control how much light enters the pupil

Question 40

what does the lens do

Answer 40

refracts light into the retina

Question 41

what does the retina do

Answer 41

they detect light

Question 42

what do rods do

Answer 42

sensitive to dim lights but can’t sense colour

Question 43

what are cones

Answer 43

they r sensitive to different colours but can’t sense dim lights

Question 44

long sighted is

Answer 44

when someone can’t focus on near objects coz there eye is to short

Question 45

short sighted is

Answer 45

when someone is unable to focus on distant objects coz the eye is to long

Question 46

what is colour blindness

Answer 46

when someone can’t tell the difference between certain colours

Question 47

what is a cataract

Answer 47

a cloudy patch on the lens which stops light from entering the eye

Question 48

how can you treat cataracts

Answer 48

replace the whole eye w an artificial one

Question 49

how do you treat colour blindness

Answer 49

you can’t, cone cels can’t be replaced