paper 1

Question 1

describe diffusion

Answer 1

the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 2

define osmosis

Answer 2

the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to lower water concentration

Question 3

how to work out change in mass

Answer 3

final mass - initial mass/ initial mass

Question 4

what happens in prophase

Answer 4

chromosomes condense and the membrane breaks down

Question 5

what happens in telophase

Answer 5

membranes form around each new set of chromosomes, forming the nuclei of two new cells

Question 6

what does mitosis produce

Answer 6

two diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical

Question 7

what happens in interphase

Answer 7

DNA duplicates so each set of chromosomes are identical

Question 8

what happens in ana phase

Answer 8

spindle fibres pull each chromosome to either side

Question 9

what happens during cytokinesis

Answer 9

cytoplasm and cell nucleus membrane divides

Question 10

how do plants grow

Answer 10

cell division and elongation

Question 11

how do animals grow

Answer 11

they grow while they r young but stop and DIFFERENTIATE throughout their lives

Question 12

how are tumours formed

Answer 12

uncontrollable cell division by a CHANGE IN GENE which produces an abnormal mass of cells

Question 13

at what point is a tumour classed as cancerous

Answer 13

when it invades/damages the surrounding tissue

Question 14

what’s the function of the cerebrum

Answer 14

movement, intelligence, memory, language, vision

Question 15

what’s the structure of the cerebrum

Answer 15

split into two hemispheres (left and right)

Question 16

what’s the function of the medulla oblongata

Answer 16

unconscious activities (HR and breathing)

Question 17

what’s the function of the cerebellum

Answer 17

controls muscle coordination and balance

Question 18

what’s the difference between PET and CT

Answer 18

CT shows structure in a picture, PET shows structure and activity and function irl

Question 19

easiest way to remember mitosis

Answer 19

duplicate, breaks down, lines up, apart, membrane, divides

Question 20

what’s the order of mitosis

Answer 20

(interphase), prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokenisis

Question 21

what is reaction time

Answer 21

time taken to respond to a stimulus

Question 22

what does the body have lots of and what do they do

Answer 22

sensory receptors, detect a change in environment

Question 23

what’s the order of a stimulus response

Answer 23

stimulus, receptors, sensory neurones, cns, motor neurone, effector, response

Question 24

in the response to a stimulus what goes first motor neurone or sensory neurone

Answer 24

sensory neurone THEN motor neurone

Question 25

where does cell elongation take place in plants

Answer 25

roots and shoots (meristems)

Question 26

what does the cornea in the eye do

Answer 26

refracts light into the eye

Question 27

what does the iris do

Answer 27

controls how much light enters the pupil

Question 28

what does the lens do

Answer 28

refracts light to focus on the retina

Question 29

what does the retina do

Answer 29

it’s light sensitive and detects light (covered in rods and cones)

Question 30

what type of light are rods sensitive to

Answer 30

dim lights

Question 31

what are cones more sensitive to

Answer 31

different colours

Question 32

what is colourblindness caused by

Answer 32

cones in the retina not working properly

Question 33

what can long sighted not do

Answer 33

focus on CLOSE objects

Question 34

what can short eyed people not do

Answer 34

focus on FAR objects

Question 35

what is different in the eye when someone is long sighted

Answer 35

light is focused behind the retina because it doesn’t bend light enough and the eyeball is to short

Question 36

what is different in the structure of the eye when someone is short sighted

Answer 36

light focuses infront of the retina because it bends the light too much and the eyeball is too long

Question 37

what lenses are used for long sighted people

Answer 37

CONVEX

Question 38

what lenses are used for people with short sighted vision

Answer 38

CONCAVE lens

Question 39

what detects VERY bright light

Answer 39

light receptors

Question 40

what happens to the iris when light is bright

Answer 40

muscles contract and iris goes smaller

Question 41

what is a choromosome

Answer 41

long coiled up molecules of dna found in the nucleus

Question 42

what is a gene

Answer 42

a section of dna on a chromosome that codes for a particular protein

Question 43

what is a genome

Answer 43

all the dna/genetic material of an organism

Question 44

what is mutation

Answer 44

a random change to an organisms dna base sequence that can be inherited (genetic variant)

Question 45

what is an allele

Answer 45

different versions of a gene (two versions of every gene)

Question 46

what is homozygous

Answer 46

two alleles for a particular gene that are the SAME

Question 47

what is heterozygous

Answer 47

two alleles for a particular gene that are DIFFERENT

Question 48

what do dominant alleles do

Answer 48

overrule the recessive alleles (becomes present in the offspring)

Question 49

how would a gene express a recessive characteristics

Answer 49

if both alleles are recessive

Question 50

what is a genotype

Answer 50

is a combination of alleles you have

Question 51

what is a phenotype

Answer 51

the characteristics you have

Question 52

what is a gamete

Answer 52

the male or female reproductive cell that contains half the genetic material of an organism (join together)

Question 53

what is a zygote

Answer 53

fertilised egg that is a result from a female gamete and male gamete

Question 54

what’s the role of neuro transmitters

Answer 54

transfer nerve signals by chemicals which diffuse across the synapse

Question 55

what do synapses connect

Answer 55

two neurones (eg sensory and motor)

Question 56

structure of a sensory neurone

Answer 56

one long dendron, one short axon

Question 57

what’s the structure of a motor neurone

Answer 57

many short dendrites, one long axon, myelin sheath

Question 58

relay neurone structure

Answer 58

many short dendrites and an axon

Question 59

how is a bacteria cell different (prokaryote)

Answer 59

no nucleus, ribosomes and flagellum