topic 1-KeyConceptsInBiology

Question 1

what are the two types of cells

Answer 1

eukaryotic or prokaryotic

Question 2

eukaryotic cells are

Answer 2

complex and include animal and plant cells

Question 3

prokaryotic cells are

Answer 3

smaller and simpler and are bacteria

Question 4

what does a nucleus do

Answer 4

controls activities of the cell and contains genetic material

Question 5

what is cytoplasm

Answer 5

substance where most chemical reactions happen

Question 6

what does a cell membrane do

Answer 6

controls what goes in and out and holds the cell together

Question 7

what happens in mitochondria

Answer 7

it’s where most the reactions for respiration takes place

Question 8

what are ribosomes

Answer 8

they contain proteins

Question 9

what is a cell wall

Answer 9

supports the cell and strengthens it

Question 10

what is a vacuole

Answer 10

contains cell sap

Question 11

what are chloroplasts

Answer 11

where photosynthesis occurs (makes food)

Question 12

what the 3 extras in a plant cell that aren’t in animal cells

Answer 12

cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts

Question 13

does bacteria have a nucleus

Answer 13

no

Question 14

what happens to the egg cell and sperm cell

Answer 14

the nucleus of an egg cell fuses with the nucleus of the sperm cell to create a fertilised egg

Question 15

what are specialised cells

Answer 15

cells that are adapted to their function

Question 16

what are ciliates epithelial cells

Answer 16

they line the surface of organs with cilia like hair structures to move substances

Question 17

what are microscopes used for

Answer 17

to make the image look bigger

Question 18

what are the two types of microscopes

Answer 18

light microscopes and electron microscopes

Question 19

is light or electron microscope better and why?

Answer 19

electron because it has a higher magnification and higher res

Question 20

what does the term haploid mean

Answer 20

means they only contain half the number of chromosomes thats in a normal body cell

Question 21

what’s the equation for total magnification

Answer 21

total magnification = eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification

Question 22

what is the equation for magnification

Answer 22

magnification =image size/real size

Question 23

what is an enzyme

Answer 23

a biological catalyst

Question 24

what binds together in an enzyme

Answer 24

active site and substrate

Question 25

what happens if the enzyme denatures

Answer 25

the shape of the active site will change therefore it’s not specific to the substrate

Question 26

how does temp effect enzymes

Answer 26

the higher the temp the faster the reaction

Question 27

what happens if the enzyme gets to hot

Answer 27

the bonds break

Question 28

apart from temp what are the other two things that affect the rate of reaction

Answer 28

pH levels, substrate concentration

Question 29

how do you test for starch

Answer 29

using iodine (browny orange to bark blue black)

Question 30

what are the three big molecules

Answer 30

proteins, lipids and carbs

Question 31

what breaks down the big molecules

Answer 31

digestive enzymes

Question 32

what is starch broken down into

Answer 32

simple sugars

Question 33

what are proteins broken into

Answer 33

amino acids

Question 34

what are lipids converted into

Answer 34

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 35

how do you test for sugars

Answer 35

benedict reagent (colour change)

Question 36

how do you test for lipids

Answer 36

emulsion test (becomes milky)

Question 37

how do u test for proteins

Answer 37

biuret test

Question 38

what is diffusion

Answer 38

the net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 39

what is osmosis

Answer 39

the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from high to low water concentration

Question 40

what is active transport

Answer 40

the movement of particles across a membrane against a concentration gradient using energy

Question 41

what is the concentration gradient

Answer 41

the area from a lower to a higher concentration