topic 1-KeyConceptsInBiology Flashcards
what are the two types of cells
eukaryotic or prokaryotic
eukaryotic cells are
complex and include animal and plant cells
prokaryotic cells are
smaller and simpler and are bacteria
what does a nucleus do
controls activities of the cell and contains genetic material
what is cytoplasm
substance where most chemical reactions happen
what does a cell membrane do
controls what goes in and out and holds the cell together
what happens in mitochondria
it’s where most the reactions for respiration takes place
what are ribosomes
they contain proteins
what is a cell wall
supports the cell and strengthens it
what is a vacuole
contains cell sap
what are chloroplasts
where photosynthesis occurs (makes food)
what the 3 extras in a plant cell that aren’t in animal cells
cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts
does bacteria have a nucleus
no
what happens to the egg cell and sperm cell
the nucleus of an egg cell fuses with the nucleus of the sperm cell to create a fertilised egg
what are specialised cells
cells that are adapted to their function
what are ciliates epithelial cells
they line the surface of organs with cilia like hair structures to move substances
what are microscopes used for
to make the image look bigger
what are the two types of microscopes
light microscopes and electron microscopes
is light or electron microscope better and why?
electron because it has a higher magnification and higher res
what does the term haploid mean
means they only contain half the number of chromosomes thats in a normal body cell
what’s the equation for total magnification
total magnification = eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification
what is the equation for magnification
magnification =image size/real size
what is an enzyme
a biological catalyst
what binds together in an enzyme
active site and substrate
what happens if the enzyme denatures
the shape of the active site will change therefore it’s not specific to the substrate
how does temp effect enzymes
the higher the temp the faster the reaction
what happens if the enzyme gets to hot
the bonds break
apart from temp what are the other two things that affect the rate of reaction
pH levels, substrate concentration
how do you test for starch
using iodine (browny orange to bark blue black)
what are the three big molecules
proteins, lipids and carbs
what breaks down the big molecules
digestive enzymes
what is starch broken down into
simple sugars
what are proteins broken into
amino acids
what are lipids converted into
glycerol and fatty acids
how do you test for sugars
benedict reagent (colour change)
how do you test for lipids
emulsion test (becomes milky)
how do u test for proteins
biuret test
what is diffusion
the net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
what is osmosis
the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from high to low water concentration
what is active transport
the movement of particles across a membrane against a concentration gradient using energy
what is the concentration gradient
the area from a lower to a higher concentration
