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Biology Unit 1 AS > Topic 2-Cell Structure > Flashcards

Topic 2-Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Function of SER

A

Synthesis and transport of lipids

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2
Q

Function of RER

A

Transport system for proteins and ribosomes along its length used for protein synthesis

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3
Q

Function of cellulose cell wall

A

Provides strength and supper allows movement of water and prevents the cell from bursting

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4
Q

Function Of vacuoles in plants

A

Storage site for glucose u organic ions and metabolic wastes

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5
Q

Function of chloroplasts

A

Site of photosynthesis

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6
Q

Function of mitochondria

A

Site of aerobic respiration which produces ATP energy

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7
Q

What is a tissue

A

Group of cells with a similar structure that work together to perform a particular function

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8
Q

What is an organ system

A

Two or more organs working together to perform a life function
Eg digestive system or repository system

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9
Q

Why is it important that the cristae gives the mitochondria a large internal surface area

A

To provide a large surface area for ATP synthesis to occur on

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10
Q

What are the organelles in a eukaryote cell that has a double membrane

A

Nucleus mitochondria and chloroplast

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11
Q

What are the three types of animal cells

A

Epithelial tissue, muscle and connective tissue

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12
Q

Give two examples of plant tissue

A

Xylem and phloem

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13
Q

Give examples of animal organs

A

Heart and brain

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14
Q

Give examples of plant organs

A

Roots and leaves

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15
Q

What is the photosynthetic pigment in the thylakoid called

A

Chlorophyll

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16
Q

What are ribosomes made up of

A

Proteins and rRNA

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17
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A

Contains the cells DNA which provides the code for the synthesis of proteins

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18
Q

What is the function of the nuclear pores

A

Allow the mRNA to transport out of the nucleus

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19
Q

Describe the function of the nucleolus

A

Produces ribosomal RNA

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20
Q

Describe the differences in between ribosomes in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

In eukaryotes the ribosomes can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplaamic reticulum, in prokaryotes there is only free ribosomes present
Ribosomes are larger in eukaryotes and far smaller in prokaryotes

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21
Q

How can mitochondria differ from one another in photos

A

They are cut at different angles

22
Q

How does the mitochondria provide evidence for cell theory

A

The michdonrial DNA is evidence that the mitochondria may have once been free living and they were ingested by the ancestors of eukaryote cells

23
Q

What are too similarities between prokaryotes and mitochondria

A

Free ribosomes and DNA

24
Q

What is the interior area of a mitochondria called that is similar to a cytoplasm

A

Matrix

25
Q

Describe the structure of mitochondria

A

Has a double membrane which consists of an outer inter and inner membrane. The inner membrane is folded to form cristae

26
Q

What is the importance of cristae on mitochondria

A

The folds increase the surface area on which ATP synthesis can occur

27
Q

Draw the mitochondria

A

Draw and check

28
Q

How dos the rough endoplasmic reticulum differ from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes along its length , smooth does not

29
Q

What is the function of a ribosome

A

Important of the synthesis of proteins, the two subunits of the ribosome come together around a strand of mRNA which fits the mRNA into the groove

30
Q

What is the Golgi body

A

A stack of flattened membranous sacks

31
Q

What is the function of the Golgi body

A

Modifying and packaging proteins to be exported from the cell

32
Q

What is in the matrix of the mithcindria

A

Ribosomes and DNA

33
Q

Draw a ribosome

A

Draw

34
Q

What is the function of a lysosomes

A

Break down worn out organelles and to digest the material taken in by phagocytosis

35
Q

Describe the action of a lysosomes

A

The material, is taken into the cell and trapped in the vacuole
The lysosomes fuse with the membrane of the vacuole and release their digestive enzymes into the vacuole
The digestive enzymes break down the material

36
Q

Function of centrioles

A

Small cylinders that separate from each other in the early days of mitosis to form the spindle fibres

37
Q

Describe the structure of a chloroplast

A

Large organelles with a double membrane, inside is a cytoplasm like material called the strorma within this there are many membrane bound components called thylakoids which contain the pigment chlorophyll. Thylakoids form sacks called granum which are linked by lamellae and the storma also contains starch grains and ribosomes

38
Q

Draw a chloroplast

A

Draw

39
Q

What is the photosynthetic pigment in the thylakoids called

A

Chlorophyll

40
Q

What does the cell wall in plants consist of

A

Cellulose

41
Q

What are the pores called in a plant cell wall

A

Plasmodesmata

42
Q

What is the function of the Plasmodesmata

A

Allow the cytoplasm of neighbouring cells to connect, enabling substances to pass between the cells

43
Q

What is the vacuole of a plant used for

A

Used for storage and support the cell

44
Q

Draw a bacterium cell

A

Draw it

45
Q

What is prokaryote

A

Single cell end organism that has no nucleus or membrane bound organelles

46
Q

What is the importance of a Mesosome on the prokaryotic cell

A

The infolding increases the surface area for respiration and other chemical reactions to occur

47
Q

What is the cell wall made of in a prokaryotes

A

Murein (peptidoglcan)

48
Q

Do prokaryotes have ribosomes

A

Yes prokaryote cells have ribosomes but they are significantly smaller than in eukaryotes

49
Q

How do you calculate magnification

A

Magnification is image size divided by actual size

50
Q

What is the function of the flagellum

A

Allowed the cell to move

51
Q

In eukaryotes where is the DNA

A

The nucleus

52
Q

Why is it important that eukaryotes are internally divided by membranes

A

It provides a surface to which the enzyme can attach and on which chemical reactions can occur
Keeps potentially harmful chemicals or enzymes contained stopping them from damaging or breaking down the structures in the cell
Acts as a transport system

Biology Unit 1 AS (6 decks)

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