Topic 2-Cell Structure Flashcards
Function of SER
Synthesis and transport of lipids
Function of RER
Transport system for proteins and ribosomes along its length used for protein synthesis
Function of cellulose cell wall
Provides strength and supper allows movement of water and prevents the cell from bursting
Function Of vacuoles in plants
Storage site for glucose u organic ions and metabolic wastes
Function of chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis
Function of mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration which produces ATP energy
What is a tissue
Group of cells with a similar structure that work together to perform a particular function
What is an organ system
Two or more organs working together to perform a life function
Eg digestive system or repository system
Why is it important that the cristae gives the mitochondria a large internal surface area
To provide a large surface area for ATP synthesis to occur on
What are the organelles in a eukaryote cell that has a double membrane
Nucleus mitochondria and chloroplast
What are the three types of animal cells
Epithelial tissue, muscle and connective tissue
Give two examples of plant tissue
Xylem and phloem
Give examples of animal organs
Heart and brain
Give examples of plant organs
Roots and leaves
What is the photosynthetic pigment in the thylakoid called
Chlorophyll
What are ribosomes made up of
Proteins and rRNA
What is the function of the nucleus
Contains the cells DNA which provides the code for the synthesis of proteins
What is the function of the nuclear pores
Allow the mRNA to transport out of the nucleus
Describe the function of the nucleolus
Produces ribosomal RNA
Describe the differences in between ribosomes in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
In eukaryotes the ribosomes can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplaamic reticulum, in prokaryotes there is only free ribosomes present
Ribosomes are larger in eukaryotes and far smaller in prokaryotes
How can mitochondria differ from one another in photos
They are cut at different angles
How does the mitochondria provide evidence for cell theory
The michdonrial DNA is evidence that the mitochondria may have once been free living and they were ingested by the ancestors of eukaryote cells
What are too similarities between prokaryotes and mitochondria
Free ribosomes and DNA
What is the interior area of a mitochondria called that is similar to a cytoplasm
Matrix
Describe the structure of mitochondria
Has a double membrane which consists of an outer inter and inner membrane. The inner membrane is folded to form cristae
What is the importance of cristae on mitochondria
The folds increase the surface area on which ATP synthesis can occur
Draw the mitochondria
Draw and check
How dos the rough endoplasmic reticulum differ from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes along its length , smooth does not
What is the function of a ribosome
Important of the synthesis of proteins, the two subunits of the ribosome come together around a strand of mRNA which fits the mRNA into the groove
What is the Golgi body
A stack of flattened membranous sacks
What is the function of the Golgi body
Modifying and packaging proteins to be exported from the cell
What is in the matrix of the mithcindria
Ribosomes and DNA
Draw a ribosome
Draw
What is the function of a lysosomes
Break down worn out organelles and to digest the material taken in by phagocytosis
Describe the action of a lysosomes
The material, is taken into the cell and trapped in the vacuole
The lysosomes fuse with the membrane of the vacuole and release their digestive enzymes into the vacuole
The digestive enzymes break down the material
Function of centrioles
Small cylinders that separate from each other in the early days of mitosis to form the spindle fibres
Describe the structure of a chloroplast
Large organelles with a double membrane, inside is a cytoplasm like material called the strorma within this there are many membrane bound components called thylakoids which contain the pigment chlorophyll. Thylakoids form sacks called granum which are linked by lamellae and the storma also contains starch grains and ribosomes
Draw a chloroplast
Draw
What is the photosynthetic pigment in the thylakoids called
Chlorophyll
What does the cell wall in plants consist of
Cellulose
What are the pores called in a plant cell wall
Plasmodesmata
What is the function of the Plasmodesmata
Allow the cytoplasm of neighbouring cells to connect, enabling substances to pass between the cells
What is the vacuole of a plant used for
Used for storage and support the cell
Draw a bacterium cell
Draw it
What is prokaryote
Single cell end organism that has no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
What is the importance of a Mesosome on the prokaryotic cell
The infolding increases the surface area for respiration and other chemical reactions to occur
What is the cell wall made of in a prokaryotes
Murein (peptidoglcan)
Do prokaryotes have ribosomes
Yes prokaryote cells have ribosomes but they are significantly smaller than in eukaryotes
How do you calculate magnification
Magnification is image size divided by actual size
What is the function of the flagellum
Allowed the cell to move
In eukaryotes where is the DNA
The nucleus
Why is it important that eukaryotes are internally divided by membranes
It provides a surface to which the enzyme can attach and on which chemical reactions can occur
Keeps potentially harmful chemicals or enzymes contained stopping them from damaging or breaking down the structures in the cell
Acts as a transport system
