TOPIC 2//Cell Organisation/ Enzymes/ Food Tests Flashcards
When does Differentiation occur
During the development o multicellular organisms
What is an organ
Group of different tissues
What is an organ system
Group of organs
What are enzymes
Biological catalysts which speed up a chemical reaction without getting used up and are all large proteins
What happens if you raise the temperature of a reaction
This would speed up the useful and the unwanted reactions
What do enzymes reduce the need for
reduce the need for high temperatures so it only speeds up the useful reactions
What is a active site
Every enzyme has an active site with a unique shape that fits onto the substrate
Define Induced fit
The active site changes shape a little as the substrate binds to it to get a tighter fit
What happens when you change Optimum Temperature
Changing the temperature changes the rate of an enzyme catalysed reaction.
What happens if the temp of an enzyme gets too hot
The bonds holding the enzyme together break which changes the shape of the enzyme’s active site so the substrate wont bind onto it anymore
Optimum Ph
Changing the pH changes the rate of an enzyme catalysed reactio
What happens if the pH of the enzyme is too high or low
This bonds holding the enzyme will break which will changes the shape of the active site and denatures the enzyme
What pH do enzymes often work best at
pH 7
Formula for rate of reaction
Rate=1000/time
What are the 3 big molecules
Starch, Proteins and Fats
Carbohydrases
Convert carbohydrates/starch into simple sugars
Protease
Converts protein into amino acids
Lipases
Converts lipids into Glycerol and fatty acids
What does Bile do
Bile neutralises stomach acid known as HCL and emulsifies fats into tiny droplets
Where is Bile produced
Liver
Where is Bile stored
Gall Bladder
What happens in the stomach
Produces the protease enzyme pepsin
produces HCL to kill bacteria and give right pH for protease enzyme to work
What happens in salivary glands
produce amylase enzyme in the saliva
What happens in pancreas
Produces protease, amylase and lipase enzyme to be released in small intestine
What happens in the Small intestine
produces protease, amylase and lipase enzyme to complete digestion.
Where the absorption of nutrients out of the digestive system into the blood occurs
What happens in Large intestine
Where excess water is absorbed from food
What happens in the rectum
Where faeces is stored
What do you use to test for sugar and state the colour change
Benedict’s solution
colour change form blue - green, yellow or brick red
What do you use to test for starch and state the colour change
Iodine solution
colour change from browny orange - blue black
What do you use to test for protein and state the colour change
Biuret solution
colour change from blue-purple
What do you use to test for lipids and state the colour change
Sudan III
colour change to brick red
