TOPIC 1// Cells/ Chromosomes/Mitosis/ Exchanging substances/Binary fission Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Nucleus

A

Contains genetic information and controls cell activity

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2
Q

Define Cytoplasm

A

Jelly like substance where most chemical reactions occur. Contains enzymes that controls reaction

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3
Q

Define Mitochondria

A

Most reactions for aerobic respiration occurs

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4
Q

Define Cell Membrane

A

Holds cell together and controls what enters and exits

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5
Q

Define Ribosomes

A

Where proteins are made

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6
Q

Define Cell wall

A

Made of cellulose which supports cell and strengthens it

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7
Q

Define Permanent Vacuole

A

Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salt

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8
Q

Define Chloroplast

A

Where photosynthesis occurs which makes food for plants

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9
Q

What does Bacteria cell contain

A

Cell membrane, Cytoplasm Circular strand of DNA, Plasmids, Cell wall

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10
Q

What is smaller. prokaryote or eukaryote

A

Prokaryotic cell

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11
Q

Formula for magnification

A

magnification= image size/real size

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12
Q

Define Differentiation

A

The process by which a cell becomes specialised for its job

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13
Q

What is an Embryonic Stem cells

A

Undifferentiated cells which have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell

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14
Q

How can stem cells be used to preserve rare plant species

A

copies of the plant can be made by taking stem cells from the meristem and growing them into new, genetically identical plants

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15
Q

What are Chromosomes

A

Coiled up lengths of DNA

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16
Q

What are Genes

A

Each gene codes for developmennt of different characteristics

17
Q

What does Mitosis do

A

Replace cells that has been damaged

18
Q

What is first stage of cell cycle

A

Cell gows amount of subcellular structure.
DNA duplicates so theres a copy for each new cell.

19
Q

What is second stage of cell cycle

A

Chromosomes line up at centre of cell and cell fibres pull them apart.

20
Q

What is third stage of cell cycle

A

Membranes form around each sets of the chromosomes.
Cytoplasm and cell membrane divides
2 new identical daughter cells are produced

21
Q

Describe how stem cells can be used to treat disorders

A

They could be grown into a particular type of cell which can then be used to replace faulty cells

22
Q

Explain why embryonic stem cells have the potential to treat more disorders than adult stem cells

A

Embryonic stem cells have the potential to develop into any type of cell whereas adult stem cells can only develop into certain types of cells

23
Q

Define diffusion

A

Spreading of particles from an area of high-low concentration through oartially permeable membrane

24
Q

Define osmosis

A

Movement of water molecules from area of high-low concentration through partially permeable membrane

25
Q

Define active transport

A

Movement of substances from an area of low-high concentration against the concentration gradient. It uses a lot of energy from mitochondria

26
Q

Examples of Active transport

A

Root hair cells
Taking glucose from the Gut and Kidneys

27
Q

How easy it is for an organism to exchange substances depends on an organisms…

A

Surface area : Volume

28
Q

What 4 places does gas exchange occur

A

Alveoli
Villi
Leaves
Gills

29
Q

What type of cells go through Binary Fission

A

Prokaryotic cells

30
Q

What is the 4 stages of Binary Fission

A
  1. Circular strand of DNA and plasmids replicate
  2. Cell gets bigger and circular strand of DNA move to opposite poles
  3. Cytoplasm begins to divide and new cell walls begins to form
  4. cytoplasm divides and 2 new daughter cells are produced
31
Q
A