Topic 2 Flashcards
Nucleus
Contains genetic material and controls cells activities
Cell membrane
Hold the cell together and controls what goes in and out
Ribosomes
These are where proteins are made
Cytoplasm
Gel like substance where most chemical reactions hapoen. Contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions.
Mitochondria
Aerobic resipration reactions occur
Cells wall
Supports cell and strengthens it. Made of cellulose.
Vacuole
Contains cell sap. Weak solution of sugars and salts. Helps to keep cell plump amd swollen.
Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis occurs, making food for plant. Contain green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs light for photosynthesis.
Bacterial cell
No nucleaus; cells wall; cytoplasm; ribosomes
- circular DNA - controls cells activity and replication. It floats free in the cytoplasm.
- plasmids - contain genes for drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria.
Ciliates cells
- movement of mucus in trachea + bronchi
- cilia hairs that sway (hair like structures)
- cilia beat to move substances in one cirection alomg surface of tissue
Root hair cells
- absorb water by osmosis
- active transport if ions
: large SA (increases uptake)
: large vacuole for water storage
: mitochondria for active transport
Root hair cell adaptations
- long hair extentuons for bigger SA
- thin membranes to decrease diffusion distance
- large SA to increase rate of absorbtion of water by osmosis
: mineral ions by active transport
Egg cells
- to carry female DNA
- nourish developing embryo in early stages of development
- adapted because it is large; contains nutrients in the cytoplasm
Sperm cell
- to transport male DNS to females egg
- long flagellum and steamline head to swim
- head has enzymes to digest through the membrane of egg; these are stored in acrosome
- lots of mitochondria to provide energy to swim
Neurones
- conduct electrical impulses from one part of the body to another
- these cells are long and have branched connections at thr end to connect to other neurones
- forms a network throughout body
Palaside mesophyll cell
- where most photosynthesis occurs in a plant
- layer near the top for the most light to be absorbed
- lots of chloroplasts (where photosynthesis occurs)
- long and thin so more can be packed
Red blood cells
- transport oxygen from lungs to all cells in body
- biconcave disc: gives large surface area for absorbijg oxygen
- heamoglobin: carries oxygen
- no nucleus for more space
Tissue
A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a shared function (can include more than one type of cell)
Organs
An organ is a group of different tissues that work together to peform a specific function
Organ systems
An organ sytem is a group of organs working together tonperform body function
- work together to make entire organisms
Magnification
Image size/ Actual size
