Topic #2 Flashcards

1
Q

the process of change
from an agrarian and handicraft
economy to one dominated by
industry and machine
manufacturing.

A

Industrial Revolution

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2
Q

Industrial revolution specifically emerged from ____________ because
it had natural resources like iron, ore, and developed farmlands.

A

Britain

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3
Q

popularized the
term “Industrial Revolution”
to describe Britain’s
economic development from

A

Arnold Toynbee, 1760-1840

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4
Q

Characteristics of Industrial Revolution

A

Technological
Socio-Econimical
Cultural

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5
Q

technological changes made possible a tremendously increased:

A

Increased use of natural resources
Mass production of manufactured goods

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6
Q

This rapid urbanization brought
significant challenges, as overcrowded
cities suffered from:

A

Pollution
Inadequate Sanitation
Lack of Clean Drinking Water

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7
Q

First Industrial Revolution, 1765

A

Mechanization, Water Power, Steam Power

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8
Q

It started at the end of the 18th century
to the beginning of the 19th.
massive extraction of coal along with
the very important invention of the
steam engine

A

First Industrial Revolution

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9
Q

Second Industrial Revolution, 1870

A

Mass Production, Assembly of Line, Electricity

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10
Q
  • It started at the end of the 19th century, with massive
    technological advancements in the field of industries
    that helped the emergence of a new source of energy.
    Electricity, gas, and oil.
  • inventions of the automobile, and the plane in
    the beginning of the 20th century
A

Second Industrial Revolution

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11
Q

Third Industrial Revolution, 1969

A

Computer and automation

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12
Q

emergence of yet another source of untapped, at
the time, energy. Nuclear energy.
the rise of electronics, telecommunications and of
course computers.

A

Third Industrial Revolution

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13
Q

Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0)

A

Cyber-Physical Systems

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14
Q

started in the dawn of the
third millennium with the one thing that
everyone uses every single day. The
Internet.

A

Industry 4.0

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15
Q

It is the period where paradigm shifts occurred. It is where the scientific beliefs that has been widely embraced and accepted by the people were challenged and opposed

A

Intellectual Revolution

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16
Q

“pre Socratic” or “non-theological” or “first philosophy”.

A

Intellectual Revolution

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17
Q

stated that the planet as well as the sun
and moon moved in a circular motion around the
Earth. He believed that the Earth was at the centera concept known as the Geocentrism.

A

CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY

18
Q

Earth was at the centera concept known as the

A

Geocentrism

19
Q

was widely accepted by the
people and was one of the greatest discoveries
during that time.

A

Geocentric Model

20
Q

a Polish mathematician and astronomer,
challenge the Ptolemaic model.

A

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

21
Q

He introduced a
new concept known as ________________
which suggest that the center of the Solar System
was not the Earth but actually the sun.

A

HELIOCENTRISM

22
Q

Under the _______________, the Sun, Moon, stars,
and planets all orbit Earth.

A

Geocentric Model

23
Q

Considered to be one of the most controversial intellectual revolutions of its time.

A

Darwinian Revolution (Theory of Evolution)

24
Q

In this book, , Darwin introduce the theory of evolution
which suggested that all organisms are related and have descended from a common ancestor, and that population pass through a process of natural selection in which only the fittest would survive.

A

Origin of Species

25
He stated that organism have the ability to adapt to their environment and would gradually change into something that would be more competitive to survive, a process known as evolution
Charles Darwin
26
Darwinian Revolution (4 Factors)
Overproduction Variation Natural Selection Inheritance
27
Those organisms with heritable traits better suited to the environmentwill reach maturity and survive.
VAriation
28
___________ leads to competition for survival.
Overproduction
29
_______________ favors the best suited at the time . “It is not the strongest species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the ones most responsive to change”
Natural Selection
30
The most suited variants leave more offsprin. Changes in the organism brought by the environment will be inherited by their offspring.
Inheritance
31
________________ explained that there are many conscious and unconscious factors that can influence behavior and emotions
Sigmund Freud
32
personality is a product of three conflicting elements:
ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
33
Intellectual Revolution that shaped and defined our society
Freudian Revolution
34
3 components of the mind affecting behavior
ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
35
“I want” is made up of unconscious psychic energy that works to satisfy the basic needs, urges, and desires.
ID
36
“I should” is composed of people’s internalized ideas, acquired from parents and society; works to suppress the urges of the ID and tries to make the ego behave normally, rather than realistically
SUPEREGO
37
the integrated “shoulds” and “should not” of our culture. It is the moral code internalized by our parents and society
Conscience
38
This is the inner vision of your best self
Ego Ideal
39
_________________ mediates the demands of the ID, the super ego and the reality; works to to satisfy the IDs desire in a manner that is realistic and socially appropriate
EGO
40
Serves three masters: ID, SUPEREGO, and EXTERNAL WORLD (Reality)
EGO