Topic 1C : Diet & Health Flashcards
What are carbohydrates composed of
long chains of monosaccharides
What are the two types of glucose
alpha and beta
How are disaccharides formed
two monosaccharides are joined together by glycosidic bond (H atoms on one bonds to OH atom on another) during condensation reaction in which water molecule is released
What happens during hydrolysis reaction
a molecule of water reacts with glycosidic bond which breaks it apart
Are disaccharides soluble
yes and they store more energy than monosaccharides
How is maltose formed
two glucose molecules joined together by 1-4 glycosidic bond during condensation reaction
How is lactose formed
beta glucose and galactose joined together by 1-4 glycosidic bond during condensation reaction
How is sucrose formed
glucose and fructose joined together by 1-2 glycosidic bond during condensation reaction
How are disaccharides formed
more than two monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds during condensation reaction and water molecule is released
How is amylopectin formed
glucose molecules joined together by 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds which lots of side branches
How is glycogen formed
glucose molecules with 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds with even more side branches than amylopectin
What is starch
the main energy storage material in plants
What is starch a mixture of
amylose : a long unbranched chain with 1-4 glycosidic bonds
amylopectin : a long branched chain with 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
How does the structure of starch contributes to its function
The angles of the glycosidic bonds give it a coiled structure which makes it compact meaning that its really good for storage as you can fit more into small space (comes from amylose)
Side branches allow the enzymes that break down the molecule to reach the glycosidic bonds easily so glucose can be released quickly by hydrolysis (comes from amylopectin)
Insoluble in water so it doesn’t cause cells to swell by osmosis
What is glycogen
the main energy storage material in animals