Topic 18

Question 1

Henri Fayols key functions of management + peter drucker

Answer 1

. Predicting future trends
. Planning
. Organising resources
. Commanding staff
. Coordination
. Monitoring performance
-> Peter drucker emphasised motivation and communication

Question 2

Key characteristics of leaders

Answer 2

1. Motivating others
2. Devising strategies
3. Driving change
4. Providing long-term direction

Question 3

Characteristics of effective leaders -> 8

Answer 3

1. Visionary
2. Ability to motivate others
3. Problem-solving skills
4. Self-confidence
5. Decisiveness
6. Resilience
7. Adaptability
8. Sense of responsibility and integrity

Question 4

Leadership styles -> autocratic leadership - characteristics + advantages and disadvantages

Answer 4

Leader makes all decisions without consulting employees
Characteristics:
. High control and supervision
. Employees have little input
. Tasks assigned w/strict conditions
. Can be effective in crisis situations
Advantages
-> quick decisions + clear chain of command + employees know whats expected
Disadvantages
-> demotivation of employees + creativity and innovation may be slow

Question 5

Leadership styles -> paternalistic leadership - characteristics + advantages and disadvantages

Answer 5

A fatherly approach where leader mas decision but consider well-being of employees
Characteristics
. Authority centralised but employee interest considered
. Focuses on employee welfare + loyalty
Advantages:
- employees feel valued and motivate + long-term loyalty
Disadvantages:
-> employees have no real say + can still feel restrictive

Question 6

Leadership styles -> democratic leadership - characteristics + advantages and disadvantages

Answer 6

Employees participate in decision making
Characteristics:
. Leaders act as facilitators
. Employees have higher job satisfaction
. Decisions take longer
Advantages
-> boosts motivation & creativity + employees feel valued & more committed
Disadvantages
-> slower decision making + can create conflicts

Question 7

Leadership styles -> laissez-faire leadership - characteristics + advantages and disadvantages

Answer 7

“Hands-off” approach where employees make decisions independently
Characteristics:
. Trust-based leadership
. Works best w/ high skilled and self motivated workers
. Employees manage themselves
Advantages:
-> creativity and innovation + development of problem solving skills
Disadvantages
-> low productivity + employees may take advantage of freedom

Question 8

Choosing right leadership style

Answer 8

1. Autocratic -> best in crisis situations
2. Paternalistic -> suitable for business that value employee welfare
3. Democratic -> best in creative industries & where employee engagement key
4. Laissez-faire -> ideal for highly skilled teams