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GCSE WJEC Biology > Topic 13 - Microbes and Disease > Flashcards

Topic 13 - Microbes and Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Are most microorganisms harmless or harmful?

A

Harmless

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2
Q

What are microorganisms that are harmful?

A

Pathogens

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3
Q

What do pathogens include?

A

Bacteria, viruses, protists, fungi

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4
Q

Structural features of a bacterium? (9)

A

Ribosome, cytoplasm, chromosome, flagellum, pili, cell membrane, cell wall, gelatin-like capsule, plasmid

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5
Q

What is the function of the flagellum?

A

Movement in water (like sperm)

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6
Q

What is the function of the pili?

A

A theory that genetic material can be passed along them to other bacteria

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7
Q

What is the function of the plasmid?

A

Ring of genetic material in cytoplasm

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8
Q

Structural features of a bacteriophage virus? (5)

A

Protein coat, head, DNA, tube, tail fibre

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9
Q

What are viruses?

A

Parasites, they can lay dormant in a host cell for long periods of time

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10
Q

How small are viruses?

A

Very small - only visible under an electron microscope

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11
Q

How do viruses work?

A

They inject their DNA into host cells and hijack the enzymes before multiplying inside the cell

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12
Q

Are viruses alive?

A

It is unsure: they can move, reproduce and grow but cannot excrete, respire or eat; questions surrounding their ability to sense

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13
Q

What causes food poisoning?

A

Bacteria - Campylobacter

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14
Q

What causes cholera? What is cholera’s Latin/scientific name?

A

Bacteria - Vibrio cholerae

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15
Q

What causes mumps? What is its Latin/scientific name?

A

Virus - Rubulavirus

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16
Q

What causes MRSA? What is its Latin/scientific name?

A

Bacteria - Staphylococcus aureus

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17
Q

What causes malaria? What is its Latin/scientific name?

A

Protist - Plasmodiumis

18
Q

What causes AIDS?

A

Virus - HIV

19
Q

What causes tuberculosis? What is its Latin/scientific name?

A

Bacteria - Mycobacterium tuberculosis

20
Q

What causes chlamydia? What is its Latin/scientific name?

A

Bacteria - Chlamydia Trachomatis

21
Q

How is AIDS transmitted?

A

Bodily fluids (sex, cuts, sharing needles, blood transfusions)

22
Q

How is Chlamydia transmitted?

A

Sex (contact with vagina or urethra)

23
Q

How is Malaria transmitted?

A

Mosquito saliva (vector)

24
Q

What are the symptoms of AIDS?

A

Flu-like symptoms, unaware of infection, long time after HIV infection, AIDS attacks immune system

25
Q

What are the symptoms of Chlamydia?

A

Infertility, conjunctivitis/pneumonia (babies), pain when urinating, thick yellow/green discharge, bleeding between periods, testicle swelling

26
Q

What are the symptoms of Malaria?

A

Fever, sweats, chills, headaches, vomiting, diarrhoea, muscle pains, death

27
Q

How is AIDS prevented?

A

No cure, antiretroviral drugs SLOW development, protective gear when handling bodily fluids, protected sex, avoid sharing needles

28
Q

How is Chlamydia prevented?

A

Abstinence/antibiotics, Monogamy, Condoms

29
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat chlamydia?

A

Tetracycline or erythromycin

30
Q

How is Malaria prevented?

A

Mosquito nets, insecticides/pesticides in mosquito breeding grounds, insect repellants

31
Q

What is the function of lysozymes?

A

Enzymes found in tears kill microorganisms in the eyes

32
Q

What is the function of hairs?

A

To filter out dust that might contain pathogens from the nostrils

33
Q

What is the function of mucus?

A

A sticky substance to trap pathogens which can be sneezed or coughed out from the respiratory system

34
Q

What is the function of cilia?

A

Tiny hairs which sweep out mucus and any pathogens in it

35
Q

What is the function of sweat glands?

A

Secrete sweat containing a chemical substance to kill pathogens

36
Q

What is the function of hydrochloric acid?

A

Dissolves and kills pathogens which may be present in the food

37
Q

What is the function of antibodies?

A

Chemical produced by lymphocytes to neutralise/mark pathogens that may enter the bloodstream

38
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Small pieces of cells in blood to help with clotting of blood to prevent pathogens entering the body

39
Q

What is the function of skin?

A

A protective barrier made of several layers, covering majority of the body

40
Q

What is the function of wax?

A

Substance that contains a mild antiseptic which can kill pathogens

GCSE WJEC Biology (9 decks)

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