Topic 13 - Ecology and Environment (BIOLOGY IN WRONG PLACE!!!!!!)

Question 1

What is a food chain?

Answer 1

A food chain shows the flow of energy and materials from one organism to the next in a habitat. It begins with a producer.

Question 2

3 things a food chain shows?

Answer 2

• Food chains show the flow of energy from one organism to another.
• Food chains show the feeding relationships between organisms.
• Food webs show how all the food chains in an ecosystem interact.

Question 3

What are the arrows used for in the food chain?

Answer 3

Thearrowsbetween each organism in the chain always point in thedirection of energy flowfrom the food to the feeder.

Question 4

Torophic levels?

Answer 4

1. the producer occupies the first trophic level
2. theprimary consumer is in the second trophic level
3. thesecondary consumer is in the third trophic level

Question 5

How does the producer get energy?

Answer 5

Using light energy to produce food by photosynthesis

Question 6

How does the Primary consumer get energy?

Answer 6

Eating producers, most are herbivores

Question 7

How does the Herbivore get energy?

Answer 7

Eating only plants

Question 8

How does the Carnivore get energy?

Answer 8

Eating only other animals

Question 9

How does the Omnivore get energy?

Answer 9

Consumers which eat both animals and plants, so can occupy more than one trophic level in a food chain

Question 10

How does the Decomposer get energy?

Answer 10

Feeding on dead and decaying organisms, and on the undigested parts of plant and animal matter in faeces

Question 11

What is a food web

Answer 11

A food web is a network of interconnected food chains. It shows the energy flow through part of an ecosystem.

Question 12

Know how to draw the Pyramid of energy, numbers, biomass

Question 13

Pyramid of energy

Answer 13

how much energy

Question 14

Pyramid of biomass

Answer 14

how much is weighs

Question 15

Pyramid of numbers

Answer 15

how many there are

Question 16

How can plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

Answer 16

Green plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere byphotosynthesis. The carbon becomes part of complex molecules such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the plants.

Question 17

How can organisms remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

Answer 17

Organisms return carbon dioxide to the atmosphere byrespiration. It is not just animals that respire. Plants and microorganisms do, too. Carbon dioxide is also released by combustion. The burning of fossil fuels releases large quantities into the atmosphere.

Question 18

Passing carbon from one organism to the next

Answer 18

When an animal eats a plant, carbon from the plant becomes part of the fats and proteins in the animal. Decomposers and some animals, calleddetrivores, feed on waste material from animals, and the remains of dead animals and plants. The carbon then becomes part of these organisms.

Question 19

The greenhouse affect?

Answer 19

Some gases in the atmosphere trap escaping thermal energy. This causes some of the thermal energy to return to the surface and warm up it up this is called the greenhouse effect

Question 20

Climate change?

Answer 20

refers to changes in the earths average temperature, these changes occur overtime most scientists think human activity is increasing the volume of greenhouse gases which cause a more rapid change to the climate

Question 21

Impacts of climate change? (4)

Answer 21

• sea level rise
• Tropical storms
• Species in affected areas may become extinct
• Diseases such as malaria increase

Question 22

How humans effect climate change? (5)

Answer 22

• burning of fossil fuels
• Deforestation
• Car exhaust
• CFCs
• Methane

Question 23

What is Eutrophication?

Answer 23

Eutrophication is a type of water pollution caused by the addition of sewage or fertiliser.

Question 24

Describe the process of Eutrophication?

Answer 24

1. Fertilisers (containing soluble nitrates) are added to the soil.
2. When it rains, nitrates dissolved in water in the soil run-off into nearby ponds or rivers.
3. Algae use nitrates and reproduce rapidly forming algal blooms.
4. The algal blooms block sunlight meaning that submerged plants cannot photosynthesise and they die.
5. Because oxygen in the water is used up by the decomposers, there is less oxygen for plants and animal species and they die.
6. Decomposers decay this dead plant matter and use up oxygen as they respire.

Question 25

What happens if sewage gets in a river?

Answer 25

If untreated sewage gets into rivers, micro-organisms decompose it. They dramatically increase in number and use oxygen from the water foraerobic respiration. As a result there is less oxygen dissolved in water, so aquatic organisms such as fish and insects may be unable to survive.

Question 26

Acid rain?

Answer 26

Acid rain = is a pollution problem caused by the release of acidic gases into the atmosphere.

Question 27

Human causes of acid rain? (3)

Answer 27

• the exhaust from cars
• trucks
• buses

Question 28

Effects on aquatic and non- aquatic ecosystems (3) (acid rain)

Answer 28

• Harm and kill fish
• eliminate species from rivers and lakes
• increase PH in water

Question 29

Carbon monoxide?

Answer 29

Carbon monoxide = is were combustion of fossil fuels are burned incorrectly

Question 30

Human causes of carbon monoxide? (3)

Answer 30

• cars
• trucks
• machinery that burn fossil fuels

Question 31

Effects of carbon monoxide poisoning in humans (3)

Answer 31

• Harm the organs
• cause serious tissue damage
• death