Topic 1.1 skeletal systems Flashcards
Name the 5 functions of the skeletal systems
- movement
- support and protection
- production of blood cells
- storage of minerals
- attachment of muscles
describe movement
skeleton allows movement of whole and individual parts of the body
describe support and protection
Skeletons bones protect our vital organs
describe production of blood cells
certain bones contain bone marrow, which contains red and white blood cells
describe storage of minerals
The bones are made of minerals
- calcium, phosphorus, iron
describe the attachment of muscles
Our irregular bones have shapes and grooves to provide an attachment point for our muscles
Examples of support and protection
Flat bones provide protection to your vital organs and this would be helpful in Rugby when scrumming
Examples of production of blood cells
Long bones produce bone marrow which produce blood cells.
Red blood cells carry oxygen which enables muscles to work effectively during a marathon
Examples of attachment of muscles
tendons allow a large range of movements
Describe long bones
and examples
- A bone that is longer than it is wide.
- Growth plate on either end
- main function is to act as a lever
eg. femur, tibia, fibula, humerus
Describe short bones and examples
- Small and compact (equal in length and width)
- main function is to provide strength, stability and weight bearing
eg. carpals and tarsals
Describe irregular bones and examples
- odd shaped
- A bit of protection and also forms a point of muscular attachment
eg. vertebrae, mandible and sacrum
Describe flat bones and examples
- Provides protection for the vital organisms
- Some form points of attachment
eg. scapula, pelvis and cranium
Name hinge joints
- knee
- shoulder
- ankle
Name ball and socket joints
hip and shoulder
Name pivot joints
Neck (atlas and axis)
Name condyloid joint
wrists
What actions can pivot joints perform?
rotation
What actions can ball and socket joints do?
flexion
extension
abduction
adduction
rotation
circumduction
What actions can hinge joints do?
flexion and extension
(plantar flexion and dorsi flexion)
What are the 5 parts of the vertebrae
- 7 cervical
- 12 thoracic
- 5 lumbar
- 5 sacrum
- 4 coccyx
Define ligaments
Connects bone to bone, stabilising the joint, flexible
absorbs some impact and prevents dislocation
Define tendons
Connects muscle to bone and so allows movement to occur.
tough and flexible
Define cartilage
A tough elastic fibrous connective tissue
Acts as a shock absorber and reduces friction
