Topic 1.1- Key concepts Flashcards

Atomic structure, Periodic table

1
Q

How has the dalton model changes over time?

Dalton, Plum and pudding, Nucleur

A

2) - Dalton believed atoms couldn’t be broken down

1) - Plum Pudding: Thompsons discovers electrons and experiments with cathode rays( high speed electrons, repelled from cathode which is also negative) proved negatively charged electrons

3) -Nuclear model: Rutherford gold foil experiment discovered a** positively** charged nucleus and is mostly empty space (Many stright through—>empty space, Some deflected —-> small positive centre/nucleus)
4) Rutherford suggested NUCLEAR MODEL (orbits in fixed shells with protons in nucleus)

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2
Q

Why do atoms contain the same number of electrons and protons?

A

For it to have neutral charge

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3
Q

How much smaller is the nucleus of an atom compared to the size of the atom?

A

100,000 times smaller

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4
Q

What is the mass of a neutron and proton?

A

1

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5
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

1/1836

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6
Q

what does mass of an atom mean?

A

the sum of individual particles (neutrons and protons)

in terms of hydrogen

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7
Q

What is an isotope?

A

-Same electrons and protons
-Different number of neutrons
-Affects mass

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8
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons

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9
Q

How is the periodic table organised?

A

Increasing atomic number

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10
Q

How to calculate relative atomic mass?

A

(mass x abundance) + (mass x abundance)…
——————————-
Total abundance

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11
Q

How big is an atom

A

0.1 nm radius

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12
Q

How did Mendeleev arranged the elements?

A

Rows by increasing atomic mass

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13
Q

How was Mendeleev able to predict the existence and properties of new substances?

A
  • Noticed every eighth element had same properties as the first, made rows of seven
  • Left gaps when atoms didn’t fit in a group
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14
Q

What was wrong about Mendeleev’s organisation?

A

Atomic mass didn’t take into account:
-Relative atomic mass
-Isotopes

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15
Q

What are the rows called? And what do these mean?

A

Periods, number of rings/orbitals.

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16
Q

What are the verticle columns in the periodic table?

A

-Groups
-Atoms of similar nature/ same number of electrons on outer shell

17
Q

Where are metals in the periodic table?

and why are they there?

A
  • Left of the table
  • They have 1,2,3
  • (sometimes 4)