Topic 1 Nucleic Acids

Question 1

• Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus atoms (CHONP)
• Contain nucleotide monomers that build into DNA and RNA polymers
• Overall term for DNA and RNA
• Function to encode and store genetic information

Answer 1

Nucleic Acids

Question 2

• Contain a five-carbon sugar and a nitrogenous base

Answer 2

Nucleosides

Question 3

• Monomers that make up nucleic acids

- Contain a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group

Answer 3

Nucleotides

Question 4

• In DNA

- Have a hydrogen at the 2’ carbon

Answer 4

Deoxyribose sugars

Question 5

• In RNA
• Five-carbon sugars
• Have a hydroxyl group at the 2’ carbon

Answer 5

Ribose sugard

Question 6

1. Adenine (A)
2. Thymine (T)
3. Cytosine (C )
4. Guanine (G)

Answer 6

Nitrogenous Bases in DNA

Question 7

• A and G are purines that have a two-ringed structure
• C, U, and T are pyrimidines that have a one-ringed structure
• A can only H-bond to T (using two hydrogen bonds)
• G can only H-bond to C (using three hydrogen bonds)
• PUR As Gold= PURines are Adenine and Guanine
• CUT the PY= Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine are Pyrimidines

Answer 7

Nitrogenous Bases in DNA

Question 8

1. Adenine (A)
2. Uracil (U)
3. Cytosine (C )
4. Guanine (G)

Answer 8

Nitrogenous Bases in RNA

Question 9

• Connect the phosphate group of one nucleotide (at the 5’ carbon) to the hydroxyl group of another nucleotide (at the 3’ carbon)

Answer 9

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 10

• A series of phosphodiester bonds

- Includes a 5’ end (free phosphate) and a 3’ end (free hydroxyl)

Answer 10

Sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 11

• Proceeds as nucleoside triphosphates are added to the 3’ end of the sugar-phosphate backbone

Answer 11

Nucleic acid polymerization

Question 12

• Polymer of nucleotides

- Contains deoxyribose sugar and antiparallel double helix

Answer 12

DNA

Question 13

• When two complementary strands with opposite directionalities (position of 5’ ends and 3’ ends) twist around each other

Answer 13

Antiparallel double helix

Question 14

• Contains a ribose sugar
• Single stranded after being copied from DNA during transcription
• U binds to A replacing T

Answer 14

RNA

Question 15

• Small RNA molecules that can silence gene expression by base pairing to complementary sequences in mRNA

Answer 15

MicroRNA (miRNA)