TOPIC 1 (Ms. Merl)

Question 1

Which of the following is the most common method used to preserve urine specimens?
A. Acid addition
B. Thymol addition
C. Freezing
D. Refrigeration
E. none of the choices

Answer 1

D. Refrigeration

Question 2

If refrigeration is used to preserve a urine specimen, which of the following may occur?

Answer 2

Amorphous crystals may precipitate.

Question 3

Which of the following urine preservatives is acceptable for both urinalysis and urine culture?
A. Boric acid
B. Chlorhexidine
C. Dowicil 200
D. Formalin
E. all of the choices

Answer 3

A. Boric acid

Question 4

How much urine is usually required for a manually performed routine urinalysis?

Answer 4

10 to 15 mL

Question 5

Which of the following substances is higher in urine than in any other body fluid?
A. Chloride
B. Creatinine
C. Glucose
D. Protein
E. none of the choices

Answer 5

Creatinine

Question 6

Which of the following is the urine specimen of choice for cytology studies?
A. First morning specimen
B. Random specimen
C. Midstream “clean catch” collection
D. Timed collection
E. none of the choices

Answer 6

B. Random specimen

Question 7

Which of the following specimens usually eliminates contamination of the urine with entities from the external
genitalia and the distal urethra?
A. First morning specimen
B. Midstream “clean catch” specimen
C. Random specimen
D. 4-hour timed collection
E. all of the choices

Answer 7

B. Midstream “clean catch” specimen

Question 8

A 44-year-old diabetic woman is suspected of developing renal insufficiency. Which of the following specimens should be obtained to determine the amount of creatinine being excreted in the urine?

Answer 8

2-hour postprandial

Question 9

An unpreserved urine specimen collected at midnight is kept at room temperature until the morning hospital shift. Which of the following changes will most likely occur?

Answer 9

Decrease in glucose and ketones

Question 10

Substances that show diurnal variation in their urinary excretion pattern are best evaluated using a

Answer 10

timed collection.

Question 11

Which of the following will not cause erroneous results in a 24-hour timed urine collection?
A. The collection starts and ends in the evening.
B. Two first morning specimens are included in the collection.
C. Multiple collection containers are not mixed together before specimen testing. D. A portion of the collection is removed before total volume measurement.
E. none of the choices

Answer 11

The collection starts and ends in the evening.

Question 12

A 25-year-old woman complains of painful urination and is suspected of having a urinary tract infection. Which of
the following specimens should be collected for a routine urinalysis and urine culture?
A. First morning specimen
B. Timed collection
C. Midstream “clean catch” specimen
D. Random specimen
E. none of the choices

Answer 12

C. Midstream “clean catch” specimen

Question 13

Formation of the ultrafiltrate in the glomerulus is driven by the

Answer 13

hydrostatic blood pressure.

Question 14

The kidneys play an important role in the
1. excretion of waste products.
2. regulation of water and electrolytes.
3. maintenance of acid-base equilibrium.
4. control of blood pressure and fluid balance.

Answer 14

all are correct

Question 15

What differentiates tubular reabsorption from tubular secretion in the nephron?

Answer 15

The direction of movement of the substance being absorbed or secreted is different.

Question 16

Substances bound to plasma proteins in the blood can be eliminated in the urine by

Answer 16

tubular secretion.

Question 17

The renal threshold level for glucose is 160 to 180 mg/dL. This corresponds to the

Answer 17

plasma concentration above which glucose is excreted in the urine.

Question 18

Water reabsorption occurs throughout the nephron except in the
A. cortical collecting tubules.
B. proximal convoluted tubules.
C. ascending limb of the loops of Henle.
D. descending limb of the loops of Henle E. none of the choices

Answer 18

Ascending loop of henle

Question 19

The process solely responsible for water reabsorption throughout the nephron is

Answer 19

osmosis.

Question 20

The final concentration of the urine is determined within the

Answer 20

collecting duct

Question 21

The primary function of these nephrons are for urine concentration

Answer 21

juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 22

is the best test to measure the level of renal function & determine the stage/s of renal diseases

Answer 22

glomerular filtration rate

Question 23

True of the urine as an ultrafiltrate of plasma;

Answer 23

it is normally free of protein except for about 10 mg/dL of low molecular- weight proteins

Question 24

The concept of ADH control; if the body hydration is increased, then ADH secretion is

Answer 24

decreased

Question 25

To determine whether a particular fluid is urine, test the specimen for the presence of the following
A. calcium and urea
B. urea and creatinine
C. phosphates and hippuric acid
D. uric acid and urea
E. ammonia and urea

Answer 25

Urea and creatinine

Question 26

A painful or a burning sensation upon micturition is known as?

Answer 26

dysuria

Question 27

An ideal urine preservative should show the following, except;
A. inhibits urease
B. bactericidal
C. can preserve formed elements
D. interferes with chemical tests
E. none of the choices

Answer 27

D. interferes with chemical tests

Question 28

Is the second voided specimen after a period of fasting, it is recommended for glucose monitoring

Answer 28

Fasting Specimen (Second Morning)

Question 29

True about the catetherized (urethral and or ureteral) specimen, except;
A. none invasive
B. is collected under sterile conditions
C. can measure functions in the individual kidneys D. requires medical personnel
E. none of the choices

Answer 29

A. none invasive

Question 30

In the 3-glass collection for prostatic infection determination, the 3rd sterile tube is used to collect the;

Answer 30

Prostatic fluid