TOPIC 1 (Ms. Merl) Flashcards
Which of the following is the most common method used to preserve urine specimens?
A. Acid addition
B. Thymol addition
C. Freezing
D. Refrigeration
E. none of the choices
D. Refrigeration
If refrigeration is used to preserve a urine specimen, which of the following may occur?
Amorphous crystals may precipitate.
Which of the following urine preservatives is acceptable for both urinalysis and urine culture?
A. Boric acid
B. Chlorhexidine
C. Dowicil 200
D. Formalin
E. all of the choices
A. Boric acid
How much urine is usually required for a manually performed routine urinalysis?
10 to 15 mL
Which of the following substances is higher in urine than in any other body fluid?
A. Chloride
B. Creatinine
C. Glucose
D. Protein
E. none of the choices
Creatinine
Which of the following is the urine specimen of choice for cytology studies?
A. First morning specimen
B. Random specimen
C. Midstream “clean catch” collection
D. Timed collection
E. none of the choices
B. Random specimen
Which of the following specimens usually eliminates contamination of the urine with entities from the external
genitalia and the distal urethra?
A. First morning specimen
B. Midstream “clean catch” specimen
C. Random specimen
D. 4-hour timed collection
E. all of the choices
B. Midstream “clean catch” specimen
A 44-year-old diabetic woman is suspected of developing renal insufficiency. Which of the following specimens should be obtained to determine the amount of creatinine being excreted in the urine?
2-hour postprandial
An unpreserved urine specimen collected at midnight is kept at room temperature until the morning hospital shift. Which of the following changes will most likely occur?
Decrease in glucose and ketones
Substances that show diurnal variation in their urinary excretion pattern are best evaluated using a
timed collection.
Which of the following will not cause erroneous results in a 24-hour timed urine collection?
A. The collection starts and ends in the evening.
B. Two first morning specimens are included in the collection.
C. Multiple collection containers are not mixed together before specimen testing. D. A portion of the collection is removed before total volume measurement.
E. none of the choices
The collection starts and ends in the evening.
A 25-year-old woman complains of painful urination and is suspected of having a urinary tract infection. Which of
the following specimens should be collected for a routine urinalysis and urine culture?
A. First morning specimen
B. Timed collection
C. Midstream “clean catch” specimen
D. Random specimen
E. none of the choices
C. Midstream “clean catch” specimen
Formation of the ultrafiltrate in the glomerulus is driven by the
hydrostatic blood pressure.
The kidneys play an important role in the
1. excretion of waste products.
2. regulation of water and electrolytes.
3. maintenance of acid-base equilibrium.
4. control of blood pressure and fluid balance.
all are correct
What differentiates tubular reabsorption from tubular secretion in the nephron?
The direction of movement of the substance being absorbed or secreted is different.
Substances bound to plasma proteins in the blood can be eliminated in the urine by
tubular secretion.
The renal threshold level for glucose is 160 to 180 mg/dL. This corresponds to the
plasma concentration above which glucose is excreted in the urine.
Water reabsorption occurs throughout the nephron except in the
A. cortical collecting tubules.
B. proximal convoluted tubules.
C. ascending limb of the loops of Henle.
D. descending limb of the loops of Henle E. none of the choices
Ascending loop of henle
The process solely responsible for water reabsorption throughout the nephron is
osmosis.
The final concentration of the urine is determined within the
collecting duct
The primary function of these nephrons are for urine concentration
juxtamedullary nephrons
is the best test to measure the level of renal function & determine the stage/s of renal diseases
glomerular filtration rate
True of the urine as an ultrafiltrate of plasma;
it is normally free of protein except for about 10 mg/dL of low molecular- weight proteins
The concept of ADH control; if the body hydration is increased, then ADH secretion is
decreased
To determine whether a particular fluid is urine, test the specimen for the presence of the following
A. calcium and urea
B. urea and creatinine
C. phosphates and hippuric acid
D. uric acid and urea
E. ammonia and urea
Urea and creatinine
A painful or a burning sensation upon micturition is known as?
dysuria
An ideal urine preservative should show the following, except;
A. inhibits urease
B. bactericidal
C. can preserve formed elements
D. interferes with chemical tests
E. none of the choices
D. interferes with chemical tests
Is the second voided specimen after a period of fasting, it is recommended for glucose monitoring
Fasting Specimen (Second Morning)
True about the catetherized (urethral and or ureteral) specimen, except;
A. none invasive
B. is collected under sterile conditions
C. can measure functions in the individual kidneys D. requires medical personnel
E. none of the choices
A. none invasive
In the 3-glass collection for prostatic infection determination, the 3rd sterile tube is used to collect the;
Prostatic fluid
