Long exam 1 (Part 2) Flashcards
When lipid is lost in the urine, many granular casts, fatty casts and oval fat bodies are found in the urine sediment. Oval fat bodies are actually
fat-laden renal tubular epithelial cells
Tubular pattern proteinuria is seen in all of the following conditions except
A. Fanconi’s syndrome C. Wilson’s disease
B. Pyelonephritis D. Nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome
The tubular pattern proteinuria cannot be easily detected using reagent strip methods due to the type of protein involved – the low molecular weight proteins such as alpha-1- microglobulin, light-chain immunoglobulins and lysozymes. On the other hand, glomerular pattern proteinuria is detected because the protein involved is mainly
albumin
Type of proteinuria characterized by the excretion of 4 g. of protein /day is described as
heavy
Also referred to as orthostatic proteinuria is
postural proteinuria
Which substance may affect urinary pH testing?
protein
Which statement regarding protein testing is not true?
A. Reagent strips are not sensitive in measuring globulins but sensitive to albumin.
B. Both albumin and globulins can be precipitated using SSA and TCA.
C. Reagent strips can be used in assessing the degree of proteinuria.
D. Both reagent strips and SSA and TCA methods are for urine protein screening.
Reagent strips can be used in assessing the degree of proteinuria.
What substance in the urine is tested using the Kjeldahl method and Biuret reaction?
protein
Bence Jones protein is best detected in urine via
Protein electrophoresis
Which blood glucose level exceeds the renal threshold for glucose leading to glucosuria?
220 mg/dL
Urine glucose testing serves to check endocrine function to diagnose the disease
Diabetes mellitus
The common thing about using reagent strips for glucose testing such as Clinistix, Multistix and Chemstrip is the
double sequential enzyme reaction
The copper reduction tablet test for glucose is the
Clinitest
What enzyme will oxidize glucose into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide?
glucose oxidase
The range of drops required of the urine sample in the glucose testing using Clinitest is
2 to 5
O-toluidine is the chromogen used in which reagent strip for glucose?
Clinistix
All of the following are reducing sugars except
A. glucose
B. fructose
C. galactose
D. sucrose
sucrose
If a pass through phenomenon happens in the glucose test using Clinitest, one should do
retesting using lesser amount of urine sample
In galactokinase deficiency, galactose cannot be converted to glucose. From what sugar was the galactose that appears in the urine derived?
lactose
Which of the following tests is the most specific for urinary glucose testing?
A. Clinitest
B. Clinistix
C. Benedict’s test
D. Copper reduction test
Clinistix
What compound of copper is colored red?
Cu2O
What method is best to measure the individual reducing sugars in urine?
Thin layer chromatography
What organic substances are products of incomplete lipid metabolism?
ketone bodies
The most abundant among these organic substances in the urine is
urea
The most abundant among these inorganic urine constituents is
chloride
Ketonuria may be seen in all of the following conditions except
A. fasting
B. type I diabetes mellitus
C. excessive exercise
D. carbohydrate-rich diet
carbohydrate-rich diet
Sodium nitroferricyanide reaction (Acetest) is specific for urinary
diacetate
Rothera’s wet method can detect all of the following except
A. acetoacetic acid
B. beta-hydroxybutyrate
C. acetone
D. ketone bodies
B. beta-hydroxybutyrate
The main ingredient of the Gerhardt’s test for the detection of urine diacetic acid is
ferric chloride
Which of the following substances is an oxidizing agent?
A. ascorbic acid
B. glutathione
C. hydrogen peroxide
D. uric acid
C. hydrogen peroxide
If delay in testing for ketone bodies cannot be prevented, the urine sample should be
refrigerated at 2-10 degrees Celsius
The Multistix reagent pad for blood uses of the chromogen tetramethylbenzidine which, in the presence of blood, causes a color change from
yellow to green
What red-brown pigment in the urine is produced after rhabdomyolysis?
myoglobin
Which of the following is not a breakdown product of hemoglobin?
A. bilirubin C. hemosiderin
B. amino acids. D. haptoglobin
Which of the following is not a breakdown product of hemoglobin?
A. bilirubin C. hemosiderin
B. amino acids. D. haptoglobin
D. haptoglobin
The Diazo (p-nitrobenzenediazonium p-toluene sulfonate) tablet test is for the detection of urine
bilirubin
Ehrlich’s aldehyde reaction is the formation of reddish-brown color due to
urobilinogen
Bilirubin can be detected using all of the following methods except
A. Ictotest
B. Yellow foam test
C. Diazo reagent strip
D. Blondheim method
D. Blondheim method
Schwartz-Watson test differentiates between the presence of urobilinogen and
porphobilinogen
Inverse Ehrlich’s reaction is also known a
Hoesch’s test
A positive nitrite test indicates _______ while a positive leukocyte esterase test indicates _________ .
A. bacteriuria C. pyuria
B. cylindruria. D. crystalluria
Bacteriuria and pyuria
C-Stix reagent strips are impregnated with buffered phosphomolybdates to detect
ascorbic acid
The 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) is a byproduct of metabolism of
serotonin
If serotonin is derived from the amino acid tryptophan, melanin is derived from which amino acid?
tyrosine
Defects in the synthesis of heme moiety of hemoglobin would cause
porphyrias
What apparatus is required to detect the lavender to violet fluorescence of porphyrins after acidification of urine sample and addition of glacial acetic acid:ethyl acetate mixture?
Wood’s lamp
Which of the following has a peroxidase-like activity?
A. hexokinase C. heme
B. myoglobin. D. hydrogen peroxide
Heme
The most abundant among the ketone bodies which accounts 78% of the total in urine is
beta-hydroxybutyric acid
Which pathologic condition would cause a positive Acetest?
A. diabetes mellitus C. diabetes insipidus B. nephrotic syndrome D. high fat diet
high fat diet
Which chemical parameter is not found in Multistix 10 SG?
A. Urobilinogen. C. Nitrite
B. Ascorbic acid D. Leukocyte esterase
Ascorbic acid
