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AUBF > Long exam 1 (Part 2) > Flashcards

Long exam 1 (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

When lipid is lost in the urine, many granular casts, fatty casts and oval fat bodies are found in the urine sediment. Oval fat bodies are actually

A

fat-laden renal tubular epithelial cells

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2
Q

Tubular pattern proteinuria is seen in all of the following conditions except
A. Fanconi’s syndrome C. Wilson’s disease
B. Pyelonephritis D. Nephrotic syndrome

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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3
Q

The tubular pattern proteinuria cannot be easily detected using reagent strip methods due to the type of protein involved – the low molecular weight proteins such as alpha-1- microglobulin, light-chain immunoglobulins and lysozymes. On the other hand, glomerular pattern proteinuria is detected because the protein involved is mainly

A

albumin

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4
Q

Type of proteinuria characterized by the excretion of 4 g. of protein /day is described as

A

heavy

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5
Q

Also referred to as orthostatic proteinuria is

A

postural proteinuria

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6
Q

Which substance may affect urinary pH testing?

A

protein

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7
Q

Which statement regarding protein testing is not true?
A. Reagent strips are not sensitive in measuring globulins but sensitive to albumin.
B. Both albumin and globulins can be precipitated using SSA and TCA.
C. Reagent strips can be used in assessing the degree of proteinuria.
D. Both reagent strips and SSA and TCA methods are for urine protein screening.

A

Reagent strips can be used in assessing the degree of proteinuria.

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8
Q

What substance in the urine is tested using the Kjeldahl method and Biuret reaction?

A

protein

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9
Q

Bence Jones protein is best detected in urine via

A

Protein electrophoresis

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10
Q

Which blood glucose level exceeds the renal threshold for glucose leading to glucosuria?

A

220 mg/dL

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11
Q

Urine glucose testing serves to check endocrine function to diagnose the disease

A

Diabetes mellitus

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12
Q

The common thing about using reagent strips for glucose testing such as Clinistix, Multistix and Chemstrip is the

A

double sequential enzyme reaction

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13
Q

The copper reduction tablet test for glucose is the

A

Clinitest

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14
Q

What enzyme will oxidize glucose into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide?

A

glucose oxidase

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15
Q

The range of drops required of the urine sample in the glucose testing using Clinitest is

A

2 to 5

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16
Q

O-toluidine is the chromogen used in which reagent strip for glucose?

A

Clinistix

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17
Q

All of the following are reducing sugars except
A. glucose
B. fructose
C. galactose
D. sucrose

A

sucrose

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18
Q

If a pass through phenomenon happens in the glucose test using Clinitest, one should do

A

retesting using lesser amount of urine sample

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19
Q

In galactokinase deficiency, galactose cannot be converted to glucose. From what sugar was the galactose that appears in the urine derived?

A

lactose

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20
Q

Which of the following tests is the most specific for urinary glucose testing?
A. Clinitest
B. Clinistix
C. Benedict’s test
D. Copper reduction test

A

Clinistix

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21
Q

What compound of copper is colored red?

A

Cu2O

22
Q

What method is best to measure the individual reducing sugars in urine?

A

Thin layer chromatography

23
Q

What organic substances are products of incomplete lipid metabolism?

A

ketone bodies

24
Q

The most abundant among these organic substances in the urine is

A

urea

25
Q

The most abundant among these inorganic urine constituents is

A

chloride

26
Q

Ketonuria may be seen in all of the following conditions except
A. fasting
B. type I diabetes mellitus
C. excessive exercise
D. carbohydrate-rich diet

A

carbohydrate-rich diet

27
Q

Sodium nitroferricyanide reaction (Acetest) is specific for urinary

A

diacetate

28
Q

Rothera’s wet method can detect all of the following except
A. acetoacetic acid
B. beta-hydroxybutyrate
C. acetone
D. ketone bodies

A

B. beta-hydroxybutyrate

29
Q

The main ingredient of the Gerhardt’s test for the detection of urine diacetic acid is

A

ferric chloride

30
Q

Which of the following substances is an oxidizing agent?
A. ascorbic acid
B. glutathione
C. hydrogen peroxide
D. uric acid

A

C. hydrogen peroxide

31
Q

If delay in testing for ketone bodies cannot be prevented, the urine sample should be

A

refrigerated at 2-10 degrees Celsius

32
Q

The Multistix reagent pad for blood uses of the chromogen tetramethylbenzidine which, in the presence of blood, causes a color change from

A

yellow to green

33
Q

What red-brown pigment in the urine is produced after rhabdomyolysis?

A

myoglobin

34
Q

Which of the following is not a breakdown product of hemoglobin?
A. bilirubin C. hemosiderin
B. amino acids. D. haptoglobin

A
35
Q

Which of the following is not a breakdown product of hemoglobin?
A. bilirubin C. hemosiderin
B. amino acids. D. haptoglobin

A

D. haptoglobin

36
Q

The Diazo (p-nitrobenzenediazonium p-toluene sulfonate) tablet test is for the detection of urine

A

bilirubin

37
Q

Ehrlich’s aldehyde reaction is the formation of reddish-brown color due to

A

urobilinogen

38
Q

Bilirubin can be detected using all of the following methods except
A. Ictotest
B. Yellow foam test
C. Diazo reagent strip
D. Blondheim method

A

D. Blondheim method

39
Q

Schwartz-Watson test differentiates between the presence of urobilinogen and

A

porphobilinogen

40
Q

Inverse Ehrlich’s reaction is also known a

A

Hoesch’s test

41
Q

A positive nitrite test indicates _______ while a positive leukocyte esterase test indicates _________ .
A. bacteriuria C. pyuria
B. cylindruria. D. crystalluria

A

Bacteriuria and pyuria

42
Q

C-Stix reagent strips are impregnated with buffered phosphomolybdates to detect

A

ascorbic acid

43
Q

The 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) is a byproduct of metabolism of

A

serotonin

44
Q

If serotonin is derived from the amino acid tryptophan, melanin is derived from which amino acid?

A

tyrosine

45
Q

Defects in the synthesis of heme moiety of hemoglobin would cause

A

porphyrias

46
Q

What apparatus is required to detect the lavender to violet fluorescence of porphyrins after acidification of urine sample and addition of glacial acetic acid:ethyl acetate mixture?

A

Wood’s lamp

47
Q

Which of the following has a peroxidase-like activity?
A. hexokinase C. heme
B. myoglobin. D. hydrogen peroxide

A

Heme

48
Q

The most abundant among the ketone bodies which accounts 78% of the total in urine is

A

beta-hydroxybutyric acid

49
Q

Which pathologic condition would cause a positive Acetest?
A. diabetes mellitus C. diabetes insipidus B. nephrotic syndrome D. high fat diet

A

high fat diet

50
Q

Which chemical parameter is not found in Multistix 10 SG?
A. Urobilinogen. C. Nitrite
B. Ascorbic acid D. Leukocyte esterase

A

Ascorbic acid

AUBF (8 decks)

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