Topic 1 (introduction) Theories in dev. psych Flashcards
According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, when is personality formed and what are the stages?
personality is formed within the first 6 years:
0-1 is the oral stage, where id develops (which operates on the seeking pleasure principle)
1-3 is the anal stage, where ego develops (rational and reasonable aspect of personality)
3-6 is the phallic stage, where super ego develops
6-12 is the latency stage
12+ is the genital stage
is freuds psychodynamic theory using the idea of continuous or discontinuous development?
- discontinuous, because it is based on stages
what does the behaviourist perspective argue?
- we can explain development principles of learning such as classical conditioning and operant conditioning
what study is an example of classical conditioning in humans?
Little albert
is the behaviourist perspective continuous or discontinuous development?
continuous, as changes in behaviour are driven by experience that happens gradually
what does social learning theory argue?
- learning occurs through observation and imitation and is mediated by cognitive processes
what do information processing theories and computational models argue?
- behaviour is based on an input output model
- the brain is like a computer that analyses the input and turns it into an output
what do ethological and evoluntionary theories argue?
- what is the adaptive/evoluntionary function of each behaviour
Outline piagets theory of develpment
- It is a constructivist theory
- Children construct knowledge for themselves in response to experiences
- Children learn on their own, without adult instruction, and they are intrinsically motivated to do so
- development progresses continuously and in discreet stages
Outline vygotsky’s sociocultural theories
- development takes place through childrens social interactions with others
- children are social beings, and are both learners and teachers
- development is continuous
