Topic 1 - Immune Cells, Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

Antigen

Answer 1

• A toxin or other foreign substance in the body that induces a immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.

Question 2

Innate immunity

Answer 2

-

Question 3

Adaptive immunity

Answer 3

-

Question 4

CD Antigen (marker)

Answer 4

(CD = “Clusters of differentiation”)

- These are surface proteins useful in identifying cell populations.

Question 5

Sebum

Answer 5

Physical barriers against infection (part of Innate Immunity)
A. Skin
	-Keratinized cell layer
	-Sebum
		-Immunoprotectant
		-Contains Proteases
		-Changes the PH of the skin
		-Contains Definsins

Question 6

Definsins

Answer 6

• (part of innate immunity)
• Little amphipathic peptides (Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic)
• Involved in host defense against microbial infections
• Reside in granules of epithelial cells and Leukocytes

Question 7

Lysozyme

Answer 7

• Enzyme that catalyzes the destruction of cell walls in certain bacteria.
• Occurs notably in tears and egg whites

Question 8

Polymorphonuclear

Answer 8

(of a leukocyte)

• having a nucleus with several lobes
• having a cytoplasm that contains granules as in a Eosinophil or a basophil.
• Innate Immune system cells
  
  1. Eosinophils
  2. Basophils
  3. Neutrophils

Question 9

Innate immunity Vs. Adaptive immunity

Answer 9

-

Question 10

List common CD markers that can be used to identify T lymphocytes (including the 2 main subsets) and B lymphocytes

Answer 10

Adaptive Immune System

• Lymphocytes
  
  • B lymphocytes (Plasma cells; CD19+ & CD20+)
    
    • B-1 cells
    • B-2 cells (arise 2nd but most predominant in body)
  • T lymphocytes ( CD3+)
    
    • Th (CD4+) – Helper T-Cell
    • Tc (CD8+) – Cytotoxic T-Cell
    • Treg (CD4+) – Regulatory T-Cell

Look for (CD3+) in order to identify all T-Lymphocytes in the body

Question 11

List the mature immune cell types (found in blood and tissues) that can arise from common lymphoid progenitor and the common myeloid progenitor

Answer 11

Hematopoietic Stem Cell
(Com. Lymphoid progenitor) (Com. Myeloid progenitor)
I NK/T cell Granulocyte Unknown
I precursor precursor precursor
—I——–I———I——————————————————B-cell T-cell I
I
Plasma
cell

Question 12

Explain the relationship between monocytes and macrophages

Answer 12

Monocyte
- Large phagocytic white blood cell with a simple oval nucleus and clear grayish cytoplasm
Macrophage
- Large phagocytic cell found in stationary form in the tissues, or as a mobile white blood cell; especially at sites of infection.
- Macrophage in blood is in route from its prod. in bone marrow to the activated tissue where it is needed.

Question 13

List the the 3 polymorphonuclear leukocytes (granulocytes) found in peripheral blood, and the color of cytoplasmic granules each possesses

Answer 13

Eosinophils
	- Eosin is a orange/pink dye 
	- Bilobed nucleus
Basophils
	- 
	- 2 or 3 lobed nucleus
Neutrophils
	- Neutral Ph dyes
	- 5 lobed nucleus