Topic 1 - Eukaryotic And Prokaryotic Cell Functions

Question 1

What are the two types of cells that all living things are made of?

Answer 1

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Question 2

What type of cells are animal and plant cells?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic

Question 3

List three structures found in eukaryotic cells.

Answer 3

• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus containing DNA

Question 4

What type of cells are bacterial cells?

Answer 4

Prokaryotic

Question 5

Name two structures found in prokaryotic cells.

Answer 5

• Cell wall
• Cell membrane

Question 6

What is a unique feature of prokaryotic cells’ DNA?

Answer 6

Single circular strand of DNA and plasmids

Question 7

What are organelles?

Answer 7

Structures in a cell that have different functions

Question 8

What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 8

Contains DNA coding for a particular protein needed to build new cells

Question 9

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 9

Liquid substance in which chemical reactions occur

Question 10

What are enzymes?

Answer 10

Biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reaction

Question 11

What is the role of the cell membrane?

Answer 11

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 12

Where do aerobic respiration reactions occur in a cell?

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

Where does protein synthesis occur in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 13

On ribosomes found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The cytoplasm contains _______.

Answer 14

[enzymes and organelles]

Question 15

True or False: Eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Answer 16

Photosynthesis, providing food for the plant

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll pigment, which makes them green and harvests light needed for photosynthesis.

Question 17

What pigment is found in chloroplasts?

Answer 17

Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is responsible for the green color and is essential for photosynthesis.

Question 18

What is contained within the permanent vacuole of a plant cell?

Answer 18

Cell sap

The permanent vacuole helps improve the cell’s rigidity.

Question 19

What is the composition of the cell wall in plant cells?

Answer 19

Cellulose

The cell wall provides strength to the cell.

Question 20

What type of cells are bacterial cells classified as?

Answer 20

Prokaryotic

Bacterial cells do not share as many similarities in organelles with animal and plant cells.

Question 21

What is the structure of chromosomal DNA in bacterial cells?

Answer 21

Circular

Chromosomal DNA floats in the cytoplasm since bacterial cells lack a nucleus.

Question 22

What are plasmids in bacterial cells?

Answer 22

Small rings of DNA

Plasmids code for extra genes beyond those provided by chromosomal DNA.

Question 23

What is the function of flagella in bacterial cells?

Answer 23

Movement

Flagella are long, thin ‘whip-like’ tails attached to bacteria that allow them to move.

Question 24

What compounds make up the bacterial cell wall?

Answer 24

Peptidoglycan

This differs from the cellulose found in plant cell walls.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The cell wall in plant cells provides _______.

Answer 25

Strength

Question 26

True or False: Animal cells contain chloroplasts.

Answer 26

False

Only plant cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

Question 27

List three main structures found in bacterial cells.

Answer 27

• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane
• Cell wall