Topic 1- Elements, Compounds And Mixtures Flashcards
What is an element
Consists of only one type of atom
Cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means
What is a compound
Consists of two or more different elements
chemically joined together
What is an atom
Simplest part of an element
Which can exist on its own in a stable environment
What is a molecule
A particle
That consists of two or more atoms
Chemically bonded together
What elements are diatomic
Oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, iodine, hydrogen, chlorine, bromine
What are six metal properties
1) . Thermal conductivity
2) . Electrical conductivity
3) . Sonority
4) . Malleable
5) . Ductile
6) . High melting point
What is sonority
Able to rig when hit/ struck
What is malleable
Able to be hammered into shape without breaking
What is ductile
To be drawn into thin wires
What is a solute
A solid that dissolves in a liquid
Solvent
A liquid that dissolves solute
Soluble
Solids that can dissolve in water
Insoluble
Solids that cannot dissolve in water
Solution
When a solute dissolves in a solvent
What does miscible and non miscible mean
When two liquids can mix
When two liquids cannot mix
Give an example of a miscible liquid
Ethanol and water
Give an example of a non miscible liquid
Water and oil
Name the separation technique that separates sand and water
What is the sand called
What is the water called
Filtration
Redoute
Filtrate
What is recrystallisation
When a solute is separated from a solution, by driving away all the solvent molecules
What does a separating funnel do?
Separates immiscible liquids e.g., water and oil
What is simple distillation
Give an example
Separates a solute from a solution
Water from salt
In simple distillation what is the liquid collected at the end called
Distillate
What is fractional distillation
Give examples
Separates two miscible liquids
Water and ethanol, crude and oil
What piece of equipment makes simple and fractional distillation different
Fractionating column
What is magnetism?
Give an example
Separates a magnetic substance from a non magnetic substance
Iron and sulfur
In chromatography why is pencil used to draw the line?
So the pencil lead does not dissolve the solvent
What is the top line on the chromatography paper called
Solvent front
What is the result of chromatography called
Chromatogram
How can elements, compounds and mixtures be separated detected and analysed
By using…
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Mass Spectrometry
What is HPLC
How does it work
What are the advantages
What are the disadvantages
A type of chromatography which separates components in mixtures
The components are dissolved in a solvent and injected into a chromatography column
The components then pass along a chromatography column, each component takes their own time to pass along the column- retention time
Faster and provide a better separation technique than other chromatography methods
Expensive and time
What is the y and x axis labelled on a HPLC graph
Y, detector signal
X, retention time
How many peaks does a pure substance produce on a HPLC trace
One
What is mass spectrometry
What are the advantages
What are the disadvantages
It measures the mass of particles of a substance
Sample used can be very small
Impure substance can be hard to analyse, equipment is expensive
What is the trace called in mass spectrumetry?
Mass spectrum
