Topic 1 : Cells and microscopy, enzymes and biological molecules Flashcards
adaptions of sperm cells
acrosome, haploid nucleus, mitochondria and tail
adaptations of egg cells
nutrients in the cytoplasm, haploid nucleus and changes in the cell membrane after fertilisation
adaptations of ciliated epithelial cells
lines airways to help move mucus
Describe light microscope
small
portable
in colour
easy to use
specimen is live or dead
What are enzymes called?
Biological catalysts
Describe electron microscope
big
hard to use
black and white
specimen is dead
better resolution
What does every enzyme have?
An active site
Describe the lock and key mechanism
The substrate has a complementary shape of the enzyme’s active site
what 3 things do enzymes require to work?
ph
temperature
substrate concentration
what makes up carbohydrates
glucose
what makes up protein
amino acids
what makes up lipids
glycerol and fatty acids
what is a single unit of carbohyrdrates
monosaccharides
what is 2 units of carbohydrates called
disaccharides
what are multiple units of carbohydrates called
polysaccharides
Give example of monosaccharide
glucose
Give examples of disaccharide
maltose and lactose
Give examples of polysaccharides
starch, cellulose and glycogen
What do carbohydrates provide us with?
Energy to perform daily tasks
What do proteins provide us with?
They enable tissue repair and growth
What do lipids provide us with?
energy as well as keeping us warm
name enzymes that break down/ form carbohydrates , lipids and proteins
- amylase (can break down large molecules into small molecules)
- protease
- lipase
What is a successful collision
Collision resulting in an enzyme substrate complex
Name 2 things essential for a successful collision
- correct orientation
- sufficient energy (activation energy)
