Topic 1 Atoms and periodic Table

Question 1

What is an element?

Answer 1

A substance that contains only one type of atom

Question 2

What substances are found in the periodic table?

Answer 2

Elements

Question 3

What is the symbol for oxygen?

Answer 3

O

Question 4

Where are substances found with similar properties?

Answer 4

In the same group

Question 5

What subatomic particles are in the nucleus in an atom?

Answer 5

Protons and neutrons

Question 6

What subatomic particle goes around the nucleus in an atom?

Answer 6

Electrons

Question 7

What is the charge on a proton?

Answer 7

+1

Question 8

What is the charge on a neutron?

Answer 8

0

Question 9

What is the charge on an electron?

Answer 9

-1

Question 10

Do atoms have a charge, why?

Answer 10

No because the number of positive protons equal the number if negative electrons

Question 11

A carbon atom has 6 protons how many electrons will it have?

Answer 11

6

Question 12

How do you calculate the number of protons in an element?

Answer 12

Equal to the atomic number

Question 13

Do you always get the same number of protons in an element?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

How many protons has Lithium?

Answer 14

3

Question 15

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in Lithium?

Answer 15

Mass number- atomic number = 7-3=4

Question 16

How many electrons can occupy the first (inner) shell?

Answer 16

2

Question 17

How many electrons can occupy the second shell?

Answer 17

8

Question 18

How many electrons can occupy the third shell?

Answer 18

8

Question 19

Draw the electron structure of a Lithium atom.

Answer 19

Question 21

How many outer electrons have the elements in group 1?

Answer 21

1

Question 22

How many outer electrons have the elements in group 6?

Answer 22

6

Question 23

What is the electron configuration for Lithium?

Answer 23

2,1

Question 24

What is a compound?

Answer 24

Substance containing 2 or more elements chemically bonded together

Question 25

Which electrons are involved in chemical bonding?

Answer 25

Outer electrons

Question 26

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 26

1

Question 27

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 27

1

Question 28

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 28

1/ 1840 or very small

Question 29

What are the elements in group 1 called?

Answer 29

Alkali metals

Question 30

What are the elements in group 0 called?

Answer 30

Noble gases

Question 31

Describe the reaction of sodium with water.

Answer 31

Sodium floats on the water and moves around, it melts into a ball, it fizzes giving off hydrogen gas and it turns universal indicator blue/purple.

Question 32

Neon is in which group in the periodic table?

Answer 32

Group 0

Question 33

Why is Neon unreactive?

Answer 33

Has a full outer shell of electrons

Question 34

When becoming compounds what do metals with non-metals become?

Answer 34

Ionic compounds

Question 35

In what order were the elements put in the early periodic table?

Answer 35

In order of increasing atomic weight. (now we call it atomic mass)

Question 36

How were the elements put into columns or groups?

Answer 36

Elements with similar properties are in columns, known as groups.

Question 37

What were Newlands’ octaves?

Answer 37

John Newlands published a table showing that every eighth element had similar properties and could be grouped together.

Question 38

How did Mendeleev overcome problems with the early periodic tables?

Answer 38

When he made his table, Mendeleev left spaces for elements that were yet to be discovered, famously Ga and Ge, so that the other elements fitted into the right groups.

Question 39

How does the electronic structure change across each period in the table?

Answer 39

In period 1 the first shell is filled, in the second period the second shell is filled, etc. e.g. Li- 2.1, Be- 2.2, B- 2.3, C- 2.4.

Question 40

What are the electronic structures of the group 2 metals Be, Mg, Ca?

Answer 40

Be – 2.2 Mg – 2.8.2 Ca – 2.8.8.2 All of the Group 2 metals have two electrons in their outer shells

Question 41

How many electrons does iodine have in total and how many electrons are there in the outer shell?

Answer 41

Iodine has atomic number 53 so it has 53 electrons in total. It is in group 7 so iodine has seven electrons in its outer shell.

Question 42

Describe the density of the alkali metals, be specific about the first three?

Answer 42

The alkali metals have low density, the first three (Li, Na, K) all float on water

Question 43

Describe the pattern of the reaction of the alkali metals with water

Answer 43

The further down group 1 an element is the more reactive the element; Sodium floats, fizzes and melts. Potassium floats, fizzes, melts and catches fire (lilac fame)

Question 44

Using M as the alkali metal atom, write an equation for the reaction of an alkali metal with water

Answer 44

2M_(s) + 2H₂O_(l) → 2MOH_(aq) + H_2(g)

Question 45

What is the collective name for the group 7 elements?

Answer 45

They are known as the halogens.

Question 46

What happens when a group 7 element to form an ion?

Answer 46

The halogen atom becomes a halide ion. E.g. iodine atoms become iodide ions.

Question 47

What is the rule for displacement reactions of the halogens?

Answer 47

A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salt. Chlorine water displaces bromine from bromide solutions.

Question 48

Give a symbol equation for displacement reactions of the halogens

Answer 48

Cl_2(aq) + 2KBr_(aq) → 2KCl(aq) + Br_2(aq)

Cl_2(aq) + 2KI_(aq) → 2KCl_(aq) + I_2(aq)

Question 49

What is the trend in reactivity in group 7?

Answer 49

In Group 7, the further down the group an element is the less reactive the element