C1 Earth Flashcards

1
Q

Label the Earth

A
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2
Q

What are the broken sections of the Earth’s crsut and upper mantle that move called?

A

Tectonic plates

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3
Q

What type of currents allow these sections of crust and upper mantle to move?

A

Convection

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4
Q

How are the currents that move the plates made?

A

Radioactive processes in the core

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5
Q

At what speed do the plates move?

A

Few centimetres a year

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6
Q

Where do earthquakes and volcanoes occur?

A

At the edges of the plates or plate boundaries

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7
Q

Why do earthquakes occur?

A

Movement of plates causes stresses and strain to build up between the plates, then they suddenly move.

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8
Q

Why can scientists not accurately predict earthquakes or volcanoes?

A

Can’t see under the crust

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9
Q

Describe the early ideas about how the mountains were formed.

A

Earth cooled and contracted, shrinking and causing wrinkling on the surface

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10
Q

Give 3 pieces of evidence that Wegener had observed that supported his ideas of continental drift.

A

On opposite sides of the Atlantic:

Similar ancient rocks

Very similar fossils

Shapes fitted on the coastline

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11
Q

What is continental drift?

A

All the continents were once a supercontinent and it broke up and the continents had slowly moved apart

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12
Q

Give 3 reasons why did the other scientists not accept his ideas at the time?

A

No evidence of how the continents moved

Other explanations eg land bridge

He was not a geologist

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13
Q

Why do scientists now accept his ideas?

A

New evidence on the ocean floor explained how the crust can move – plate tectonics

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