C1 Cracking, polymers and ethanol

Question 1

What process is used to break larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller one?

Answer 1

Cracking

Question 2

Describe this process.

Answer 2

Vaporise the hydrocarbon and pass over a hot aluminium oxide catalyst

Question 3

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 3

Compound made from only carbon and hydrogen

Question 4

What are the products of cracking?

Answer 4

Smaller alkanes and alkenes

Question 5

What is a catalyst?

Answer 5

Something that speeds up a reaction without being used up

Question 6

Give 3 uses of the products of alkenes.

Answer 6

Fuels, plastics, ethanol

Question 7

Give the general formula of alkenes.

Answer 7

C_nH_2n

Question 8

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 8

Unsaturated

Question 9

How can you test for unsaturation?

Answer 9

Bromine water is decolourised

Question 10

What is the formula for ethene

Answer 10

C₂H₄

Question 11

Draw a propene molecule.

Answer 11

Question 12

What special feature does an alkene contain?

Answer 12

Double bond

Question 13

What do you see if bromine is added to ethene?

Answer 13

Goes from orange to colourless

Question 14

What is a monomer?

Answer 14

An alkene

Question 15

What is a polymer?

Answer 15

Many monomers joined together

Question 16

Give the reaction for the polymerisation of ethene?

Answer 16

Question 17

Name the product for the polymerisation of ethene?

Answer 17

Polyethene

Question 18

Give the reaction for the polymerisation of propene?

Answer 18

Question 19

What feature do polymers not have that the monomers do?

Answer 19

Double bonds

Question 20

Polymers have many new uses, give 2 examples.

Answer 20

Hydrogels in nappies and waterproof coating like Gore-tex

Question 21

Many polymers are not biodegradable, what does this mean?

Answer 21

Don’t break down

Question 22

Give 2 problems with polymers not being biodegradable.

Answer 22

Fill up landfill sites and produce litter

Question 23

Some plastic bags are made from cornstarch polymer why is this useful?

Answer 23

Renewable and biodegradable

Question 24

List 3 ways in which polymers are disposed of.

Answer 24

Incineration, landfill and recycle

Question 25

Give an advantage and disadvantage for incinerating polymers.

Answer 25

Give out energy Give out carbon dioxide which leads to global warming

Question 26

Give an advantage and disadvantage for putting polymers in landfills.

Answer 26

Easy Don’t biodegrade so they get filled up

Question 27

Give 3 advantages of recycling polymers.

Answer 27

Less waste in landfills Not wasting a non-renewable resource Less pollution produced and energy used

Question 28

Give 2 disadvantages of recycling polymers.

Answer 28

Collecting and sorting Transportation

Question 29

Give a word equation for the production of ethanol through fermentation.

Answer 29

Glucose + water → ethanol

Question 30

Describe the process of fermentation.

Answer 30

Add sugar and yeast to warm water in the absence of oxygen

Question 31

Describe another method of making ethanol

Answer 31

Reacts ethene with steam

Question 32

Give a symbol equation for the reaction of ethene and steam.

Answer 32

C₂H₄ + H₂O → C₂H₅OH

Question 33

If ethanol is combusted what are the products?

Answer 33

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 34

How much ethanol is produced in fermentation?

Answer 34

Less than 15%

Question 35

Which process of making ethanol is continuous?

Answer 35

Ethene method

Question 36

Which process of making ethanol uses non-renewable raw materials

Answer 36

Ethene method

Question 37

Which process of making ethanol is completed in batches?

Answer 37

Fermentation method

Question 38

Which process produces pure ethanol?

Answer 38

Ethene method

Question 39

Give advantages and disadvantages for the fermentation method

Answer 39

cheap raw material Renewable plant material Low temperature batch method so slow Impure ethanol

Question 40

Give advantages and disadvantages for the ethene method

Answer 40

pure ethanol fast uses non-renewable fossil fuels high energy costs