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Nat 5 Chem > Topic 1: Atoms > Flashcards

Topic 1: Atoms Flashcards

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1
Q

Atom

A

The smallest particle of elements

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2
Q

Element

A

A substance that consists of only one type of atom.

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3
Q

Molecule

A

A particle made of several atoms bonded together in a compound.

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4
Q

Compound

A

A substance containing two or more elements chemically combined.

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5
Q

Proton

A

Particle with a positive charge and is inside the nucleus

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6
Q

Neutron

A

Particle with no charge (neutral) and is inside the nucleus

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7
Q

Electron

A

Particle with a negative charge and is outside the nucleus

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8
Q

Atomic number tells us…

A

the number of protons and electrons in an atom of an element

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9
Q

How to find the number of neutrons?

A

Mass number - atomic number

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10
Q

What are all electrons arranged into?

A

Energy levels

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11
Q

How many electrons can be held in the first energy level?

A

2

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12
Q

Every 2nd energy level + from then on can hold…. electrons

A

8 (true for the first 20 elements)

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13
Q

Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?

A

Because they have the same number of outer electrons

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14
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element which have the same atomic number but different mass numbers because they have different number of neutrons

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15
Q

Relative atomic mass

A

The average of the mass numbers of the isotopes present taking the proportions into account

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16
Q

Diatomic elements

A

Elements which only contain 2 atoms joined together

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17
Q

How many diatomic elements are there?

A

7

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18
Q

Compound names ending in…….contain the two elements indicated in the name

A

-ide

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19
Q

Compound names ending in…..contain the two elements indicated + oxygen

A

-ite/-ate

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20
Q

What elements do sodium nitrate contain?

A

Sodium, nitrogen and oxygen

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21
Q

Covalent bonding

A

A shared pair of electrons between two non-metal elements

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22
Q

What are atoms that share pairs of electrons called?

A

Molecules

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23
Q

H - F shape name

A

Linear

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24
Q

H - O - H shape name

A

Angular

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25
Q

N - H - H - H shape name

A

Trigonal pyramidal

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26
Q

C - H - H - H - H shape name

A

Tetrahedral

27
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Formed between a non-metal and a metal by transferring electrons

28
Q

What are all ionic substances made of?

A

Large network structure called ionic lattices

29
Q

Why are atoms neutral?

A

Because they have equal number of electrons

30
Q

What happens if an atom loses/gains electrons?

A

They are no longer neutral and become ions with a charge

31
Q

Ionic Lattice

A

High boiling + melting points because many strong ionic bonds need to be broken
Conduct when molten (liquid form)
Can be broken down by electrolysis
Generally soluble in water

32
Q

Covalent Network

A

A large structure, containing lots of atoms joined together by covalent bonds
Very high boiling + melting points
Does not conduct electricity + hard
Do not dissolve

33
Q

Covalent Molecular

A

Low melting + boiling points
Does not conduct electricity
Most do not dissolve in water but may dissolve in other solvents

34
Q

Valency

A

Means combining power and it let you work out the number of atoms a particular atom can combine with.

35
Q

Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same…

A

valency

36
Q

What is the valency of an element related to?

A

How many electrons are in the outer shell

37
Q

Group 1 valency

A

1

38
Q

Group 2 valency

A

2

39
Q

Group 3 valency

A

3

40
Q

Group 4 valency

A

4

41
Q

Group 5 valency

A

3

42
Q

Group 6 valency

A

2

43
Q

Group 7 valency

A

1

44
Q

Group 8 valency

A

0

45
Q

Groups 1 to 4 want to…

A

get rid of their electrons

46
Q

Groups 5 to 8 want to…

A

gain electrons to make their shell full (8)

47
Q

Why do atoms react?

A

To make their electron arrangement more stable (full)

48
Q

Steps to writing a chemical formula for a compound

A
  1. Write down the symbols of both elements involved
  2. Beneath each symbol, write its valency
  3. Swap the valencies over
  4. Simpilify if needed
  5. Write the formula
    (SSVSF)
49
Q

I number

A

1

50
Q

II number

A

2

51
Q

III number

A

3

52
Q

IV number

A

4

53
Q

V number

A

5

54
Q

VI number

A

6

55
Q

Mono-

A

1

56
Q

Di-

A

2

57
Q

Tri-

A

3

58
Q

Tetra-

A

4

59
Q

Penta-

A

5

60
Q

Hexa-

A

6

61
Q

Chemical formula for calcium (group 2) chloride (group 1)

A

CaCl2

62
Q

Chemical formula for aluminium (group 3) oxide (group 2)

A

Al2O3

63
Q

What does ‘+’ sign mean in an ion?

A

Minus electron (-)

Nat 5 Chem (6 decks)

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