Topic 1 - Atomic structure and the periodic table (1)

Question 1

ATOMS:
Where are electrons located in the atom?

Answer 1

move around the nucleus in electron shells

Question 2

ATOMS:
How big are electrons and how are they charged?

Answer 2

they are negatively charged and tiny but cover a lot of space

Question 3

ATOMS:
What determines the size of the atom?

Answer 3

the volume of the orbit of the elctrons

Question 4

ATOMS:
What does the volume of the orbit of electrons determine?

Answer 4

the size of the atom

Question 5

ATOMS:
What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 5

1

Question 6

ATOMS:
What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 6

1

Question 7

ATOMS:
What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 7

very small - negligible, often taken as 0

Question 8

ATOMS:
What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 8

+1

Question 9

ATOMS:
What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 9

0

Question 10

ATOMS:
What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 10

-1

Question 11

ATOMS:
What is the charge of an atom?

Answer 11

neutral (they have no overall charge)

Question 12

ATOMS:
Explain why atoms have no overall charge?

Answer 12

• they have the same number of protons than electrons
• the charge on the electrons is the same size as the charge on the protons, but opposite - so the charges cancel out

Question 13

ATOMS:
What is an ion?

Answer 13

an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons

Question 14

ATOMS: TRUE OR FALSE?
An ion has an overall charge

Answer 14

true

Question 15

ATOMS:
Explain why an ion has an overall charge?

Answer 15

• the number of protons does not equal the number of electrons
• so there is an overall charge
• for example, an ion with a 2- charge has two more electrons than protons

Question 16

ATOMS:
What does the nuclear symbol tell you about an atom??????

Answer 16

• its atomic (proton) number
• mass nuber

Question 17

ATOMS:
What does the atomic number tell you?

Answer 17

how many protons there are in the atom

Question 18

ATOMS:
What does the mass number tell you?

Answer 18

the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

Question 19

ATOMS:
How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 19

subtract the atomic number from the mass number

Question 20

ELEMENTS:
What is an element?

Answer 20

a substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nucleus (same atomic number)

Question 21

ELEMENTS:
What determines what type of atom an atom is?

Answer 21

the number of protons

Question 22

ELEMENTS:
What is a substance called if it only contains atoms with the same number of protons?

Answer 22

an element

Question 23

ELEMENTS:
What are isotopes?

Answer 23

• different forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
• they have the same atomic number but different mass numbers

Question 24

ELEMENTS:
Name 2 carbon isotopes?

Answer 24

carbon-12
carbon-13

Question 25

ELEMENTS: How many protons, electrons and neutrons does carbon-12 have?

Answer 25

6 protons 6 electrons 6 neutrons

Question 26

ELEMENTS: How many protons, electrons and neutrons does carbon-13 have?

Answer 26

6 protons 6 electrons 7 neutrons

Question 27

ELEMENTS: What is relative atomic mass?

Answer 27

an average mass taking into account the different masses and abundances of all the isotopes that make up the element

Question 28

ELEMENTS: What is used intead of mass number when reffering to an element as a whole?

Answer 28

relative atomic mass