Difficult topics

Question 1

What is the order of the reactivity series?

Answer 1

Potassium
sodium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
(carbon)
zinc
iron
tin
lead
(hydrogen)
copper
silver
gold
platinum

Question 2

What type of particle is dust?

Answer 2

coarse

Question 3

How many atoms do nanoparticles contain?

Answer 3

a few hundred

Question 4

What is nanoscience?

Answer 4

an area of science that investigated the uses and properties of nanoparticles

Question 5

What are some uses of nanoparticles?

Answer 5

used in catalysts
nanomedicine
electric circuits
surgical masks
wound dressings
deodorants
cosmetics
sun creams

Question 6

What are some potential risks of nanoparticles?

Answer 6

They could be washed away and damage the environment
They could get onto your body and cause damage to cells

Question 7

What are allotropes?

Answer 7

different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state

Question 8

Properties of diamond?

Answer 8

Giant covalent structure
each carbon atom forms 4 covalent bonds- make it hard
hight mpt- covalent bonds take lots of energy to break
does not conduct- no free electrons or ions

Question 9

Properties of graphite?

Answer 9

sheets of hexagons
each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds, one electron is left free- graphite conducts
layers free to move over each other slippery and good lubricating material
high mpt- covalent bonds need lots of energy to break

Question 10

Properties of graphene?

Answer 10

one layer of graphene
light and strong - network of covalent bonds
added to composite materials to make them stronger but not too much heavier
delocalised electrons - conducts

Question 11

Properties of fullerenes?

Answer 11

form spheres and tubes
hexagons, pentagons and heptagons
can be used to cage other molecules- deliver drugs
can be used as industrial catalysts - large surface area
make great lubricants

Question 12

What is Buckminsterfullerene?

Answer 12

firs fullerene to be discovered
molecular formula C60
forms a hollow sphere

Question 13

Nanotubes?

Answer 13

tiny carbon cylinders
length to diameter ratio very high
conduct electricity and thermal energy
high tensile strength, do not break when they are stretched

Question 14

Uses of nanotubes?

Answer 14

electronics
strengthen materials without adding too much weight

Question 15

a metal and an acid react to form

Answer 15

a salt and hydrogen gas

Question 16

compounds that form when halogens react all have

Answer 16

simple molecular structures

Question 17

halogens all exist as …

Answer 17

diatomic molecules
pairs of molecules

Question 18

halogens form… ions call ….

Answer 18

1-
halides

Question 19

compound formed with halogens have …. structures

Answer 19

ionic

Question 20

How do displacement reaction happen is halogens?

Answer 20

a more reactive halogen will displace the salt (ide) of a less reactive one

Question 21

What are simple molecular substances made from?

Answer 21

a few atoms joined together by covalent bonds

Question 22

What are properties of simple molecular structures?

Answer 22

held together by very strong covalent bonds
forces of attraction between molecules are very weak
don’t conduct

Question 23

What structure does silicon dioxide have?

Answer 23

giant covalent

Question 24

Buckminster fullerene is made up of … Molecules

Answer 24

large

Question 25

What element is the catalyst for production if ammonia

Answer 25

iron

Question 25

What is the chemical formula made up of AL3+ ions and O2- ions?

Answer 25

Al3O2

Question 26

Are transition element compounds like manganese chloride and nickel chloride likely to be coloured?

Answer 26

yes