Topic 1 Applied Anatomy And Physiology Skeleton And Joints Flashcards
What are the 5 functions of the skeleton?
Production of blood cells
Storage of minerals
Protection of vital organs
Muscle attachment
Formation of joints for movement
What are the 2 minerals stored in the bones
Calcium and phosphorus
What 3 things does the skeleton produce
Red blood cells (transport oxygen)
platelets (clotting if your cut)
White blood cells( fight infection)
Bones provide place for muscles to attach to so when muscles ___ they the bones to cause movement
Pull
Movement occurs at the ___ of the skeleton
Joints
Bones act as levers
What are levers
Levers allow body to increase force it can generate or speed of movement
E.GTennis player with longer levers will generate more force
What are the functions of long bones
Aid movement by working as levers
What are the functions for short bones
Short bones are weight bearing and provide support
What are the functions of flat bones
Protection and broad surface for muscle attachment
What are the functions of irregular bones
Protection and muscle attachment
Explain how bone type at the wrist allows gymnast to perform a handstand(3)
Bones at the wrist are short bones
Short bones are weight bearing
Weight bearing bones can support weight of body
What are some examples of hinge joints and the movements they allow
Knee elbow ankle
Flexion and extension
What are some examples of ball and socket joints and the movements they allow
Hip shoulder
Flexion extension rotation circumduction abduction adduction
Where is the pivot joint located and what movement does this allow
Neck(atlas and axis)
Rotation
Where is the condyloid joint located and the movement it allows
Flexion extension circumduction
What is Flexion and give a sporting example
When angle at a joint decreases
Swinging leg Back to kick a football
What is extension and give a sporting example
When angle at a joint increases
When following through after kicking a football
What is abduction and adduction and give sporting examples
Abduction is moving limb away from midline of the body
Goalkeeper stretching arm out to make a save
Adduction is moving limb towards midline of body
When a golfer hits a golf ball and his back hand moves in line with his body
What are plantar and Dorsi Flexion
Plantar Flexion pointing your foot down
Dorsiflexion pointing your foot upwards
Explain how the joint ACTION at the ankle assists a volleyball player to jump and hit the volleyball(2
Joint action at ankle is plantar flexion
Allows player to jump off and gain height to hit ball
What is the role of a ligament
Connect bone to bone
What do tendons do
Connect muscle to bone
How are ligaments relative to physical activity
Help keep joints stable
Prevent unwanted movement that might cause an injury (dislocation)
What is a tendons relevance to physical activity
Hold muscle to bone so when muscle contracts is can pull on the bone and cause movement at joints
What are the 3 types of muscles
Cardiac
Involuntary
Voluntary
Cardiac muscles are based in the heart ,how do they work
Unconsciously controlled when we need to eg. Pump blood around body
Where are involuntary muscles found
Blood vessels ,stomach and intestines
Give an example of when involuntary muscles are used by the body when needed
Blood vessels help regulate blood flow for vascular shunting
Voluntary muscles are the skeletal muscles that attach via tendons to allow movement how do they work
They work consciously and we control them when we need
Analyse how the characteristics of voluntary and cardiac muscle types support their function(4)
Voluntary muscles are controlled by us consciously
Cardiac muscles are unconsciously controlled by us
Voluntary muscles are used by us when do do specific things
Cardiac muscles are used when our body needs to like pump more blood around body during exercise
