Topic 1 Applied Anatomy And Physiology Skeleton And Joints

Question 1

What are the 5 functions of the skeleton?

Answer 1

Production of blood cells
Storage of minerals
Protection of vital organs
Muscle attachment
Formation of joints for movement

Question 2

What are the 2 minerals stored in the bones

Answer 2

Calcium and phosphorus

Question 3

What 3 things does the skeleton produce

Answer 3

Red blood cells (transport oxygen)
platelets (clotting if your cut)
White blood cells( fight infection)

Question 4

Bones provide place for muscles to attach to so when muscles ___ they the bones to cause movement

Answer 4

Pull

Question 5

Movement occurs at the ___ of the skeleton

Answer 5

Joints

Question 6

Bones act as levers
What are levers

Answer 6

Levers allow body to increase force it can generate or speed of movement
E.GTennis player with longer levers will generate more force

Question 7

What are the functions of long bones

Answer 7

Aid movement by working as levers

Question 8

What are the functions for short bones

Answer 8

Short bones are weight bearing and provide support

Question 9

What are the functions of flat bones

Answer 9

Protection and broad surface for muscle attachment

Question 10

What are the functions of irregular bones

Answer 10

Protection and muscle attachment

Question 11

Explain how bone type at the wrist allows gymnast to perform a handstand(3)

Answer 11

Bones at the wrist are short bones
Short bones are weight bearing
Weight bearing bones can support weight of body

Question 12

What are some examples of hinge joints and the movements they allow

Answer 12

Knee elbow ankle
Flexion and extension

Question 13

What are some examples of ball and socket joints and the movements they allow

Answer 13

Hip shoulder
Flexion extension rotation circumduction abduction adduction

Question 14

Where is the pivot joint located and what movement does this allow

Answer 14

Neck(atlas and axis)
Rotation

Question 15

Where is the condyloid joint located and the movement it allows

Answer 15

Flexion extension circumduction

Question 16

What is Flexion and give a sporting example

Answer 16

When angle at a joint decreases
Swinging leg Back to kick a football

Question 17

What is extension and give a sporting example

Answer 17

When angle at a joint increases
When following through after kicking a football

Question 18

What is abduction and adduction and give sporting examples

Answer 18

Abduction is moving limb away from midline of the body
Goalkeeper stretching arm out to make a save

Adduction is moving limb towards midline of body
When a golfer hits a golf ball and his back hand moves in line with his body

Question 19

What are plantar and Dorsi Flexion

Answer 19

Plantar Flexion pointing your foot down
Dorsiflexion pointing your foot upwards

Question 20

Explain how the joint ACTION at the ankle assists a volleyball player to jump and hit the volleyball(2

Answer 20

Joint action at ankle is plantar flexion
Allows player to jump off and gain height to hit ball

Question 21

What is the role of a ligament

Answer 21

Connect bone to bone

Question 22

What do tendons do

Answer 22

Connect muscle to bone

Question 23

How are ligaments relative to physical activity

Answer 23

Help keep joints stable
Prevent unwanted movement that might cause an injury (dislocation)

Question 24

What is a tendons relevance to physical activity

Answer 24

Hold muscle to bone so when muscle contracts is can pull on the bone and cause movement at joints

Question 25

What are the 3 types of muscles

Answer 25

Cardiac
Involuntary
Voluntary

Question 26

Cardiac muscles are based in the heart ,how do they work

Answer 26

Unconsciously controlled when we need to eg. Pump blood around body

Question 27

Where are involuntary muscles found

Answer 27

Blood vessels ,stomach and intestines

Question 28

Give an example of when involuntary muscles are used by the body when needed

Answer 28

Blood vessels help regulate blood flow for vascular shunting

Question 29

Voluntary muscles are the skeletal muscles that attach via tendons to allow movement how do they work

Answer 29

They work consciously and we control them when we need

Question 30

Analyse how the characteristics of voluntary and cardiac muscle types support their function(4)

Answer 30

Voluntary muscles are controlled by us consciously
Cardiac muscles are unconsciously controlled by us
Voluntary muscles are used by us when do do specific things
Cardiac muscles are used when our body needs to like pump more blood around body during exercise