Topic 1 Anatomy And Physiology Respiratory System Flashcards
Inhaled air:
Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Carbon dioxide 0.04%
What happens to nitrogen when changing from inhaled to exhaled air
Nitrogen percentage does not change as none is used and removed from body
What happens to oxygen levels as you go from inhaled to exhaled air
Oxygen levels decrease as some is being used by body for energy production
What happens to carbon dioxide levels as you go from inhaled to exhaled air
Carbon dioxide levels increase as you remove carbon dioxide as a product for energy production
Difference between inhaled and exhaled air
Nitrogen has ____
Oxygen has _____
Carbon dioxide has _____
Stayed same
Increased
Decreases
Nitrogen has stayed same
Oxygen has decreased
Carbon dioxide has increased
State 2 reasons why levels of nitrogen remain same in inhaled and exhaled air(2)
Nitrogen is not used by body so doesn’t decrease
Nitrogen is not by product of any processes in body so does not increase
You have 2 lungs (left and right)
Lungs allow movement of air in and out the body
Air enters body during breathing in
Air leaves body during breathing out
Air travels to each of the lungs via the ___
Bronchi(plural)
Bronchus
The airway passages get smaller from the bronchi called the _____
Bronchioles
After the bronchioles the air is brought to the ____
What process occurs at the alveoli
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide by diffusion
During breathing in the diaphragm flattens out to….
Make more space in the chest so lungs can fill up with air
Whilst breathing out the diaphragm relaxes and sits back up to….
Make lungs smaller to force air out
During exercise the rate and depth of breathing increases, what does the help with
Allow carbon dioxide to be removed at a faster rate and oxygen to reach working muscles at a faster rate
Gases more from an area of 1)____ to 2)____ concentration
1) high
2) low
What are the alveoli surrounded by
Capillaries containing blood
Oxygen movement in gas exchange
Alveoli:
Capillaries:
Oxygen moves from high pressure in the _____ to the _____
Oxygen movement in gas exchange
Alveoli:high conc
Capillaries: low conc
Oxygen moves from high pressure in alveoli to the capillaries
Once blood in capillaries gain oxygen what do they do with it
Transport it around the body
Carbon dioxide movement in gas exchange
Alveoli:
Capillaries:
Carbon dioxide moves from high pressure in the _____ to the _____
Alveoli:low conc
Capillaries:high conc
Carbon dioxide moves from high pressure in the capillaries to the alveoli
How does carbon dioxide end up in the capillaries and what happens once it enters the alveoli
Carbon dioxide is a product of energy production and once it reaches the alveoli it is breathed out
How does gas exchange vary in aerobic activity
Increase in breathing rate and gas exchange to meet demands of more oxygen in working muscles
How does gas exchange vary in anaerobic exercise
Increased breathing rate which allows greater gas exchange to aid recovery
What will the concentration be in the blood of oxygen just after it has left the alveoli and give a reason
Concentration of oxygen in the blood will be high because gas exchange has just occurred and oxygen more oxygen has entered blood to be transported to rest of body
What is tidal volume
The normal amount of air inhaled o me exhaled in a normal breath
What is vital capacity
The maximum amount of air your lungs can exhale after the maximum amount they can inhale
What is lung volume
Capacity of the lungs/how much air they can hold
Why is breathing rate and depth less at rest than when exercising
Less oxygen needs to be breathed in
Less carbon dioxide needs to be breather out as less is produced
Why do you need more air in your lungs and out during exercise
Demand for oxygen increases as you need more for energy production
You need to breather out more carbon dioxide produced during energy production
When you breath more deeply what increases
Tidal volume
In what 2 ways does your breathing change to meet demands of exercise
Breathing rate
Breathing depth
What is expiratory reserve volume
Maximum volume that can be exhaled
What is inspiration reserve volume
Maximum volume that can be inhaled
