Topic 1 Anatomy And Physiology Cv System Flashcards
What type of blood vessel is only one cell thick?
Capillaries
What blood vessel has the thickest walls
Arteries have the thickest walls
What blood vessel has large lumen/internal diameter
Veins have large lumen
Capillaries and arteries have small lumen
What process happens at capillaries due to their thin walls
Thin walls allow them to do GAS EXCHANGE at the alveoli with blood at VERY LOW PRESSURE
1)Arteries carry blood____ from the heart
2)Veins carry blood ____ the heart
1)away
2)towards
Arteries carry blood towards muscles during exercise ,what does this say about their pressure
Means the carry blood at a high pressure as during the exercise muscles require more oxygen so more bloodflow
Veins carry blood towards heart after being used by muscles at low pressure,what do they have to prevent back flow
Valves
What type of blood vessel holds blood at high pressure?
Arteries
What does the cardiovascular system consist of
Blood
Blood vessels
The heart
What 3 things are transported in blood
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Nutrients
Why is transport of oxygen in the blood important
Oxygen carried to muscles and vital organs to use in energy production for exercise
What is the importance of transport of CO2 in the blood
Carbon dioxide is a by product of energy production and is taken away from the muscles to breath out
What type of cell in they blood helps with clotting open wounds
Platelets
What does vasodilation mean
Dilate -(open)
When blood vessels increase in diameter when temp increases to increase blood flow and reduce temp and lose more heat
What does vasoconstriction mean
Constrict-(close)
When blood vessels decrease in diameter when temp decreases to decrease bloodflow so less heat is lost and increase temp
Explain how the cv system helps regulate body temp when an exercisers environment starts to get cold(2)
Blood vessels start to vasoconstrict
To reduce heat lost by radiation and increase body temp
What is vascular shunting
When blood is diverted away from inactive areas to working muscles during exercise
What happens during vasoconstriction
Blood vessels are squeezed to make them smaller
What is an example of an inactive area during exercise and what happens to blood supply to this area during exercise
Digestive system is inactive during exercise and blood supply decreases to these areas during exercise and vessels vasoconstrict
What is an example of an active area during exercise and what happens to blood supply to this area during exercise
Any voluntary muscles used during exercise like legs in football are active areas and blood supply increases to this area during exercise and blood vessels vasodilate
Why is vascular shunting important
Increasing blood supply to active areas and decreasing to inactive areas mean the muscles will receive more nutrients and oxygen from blood to perform exercise more efficiently
Reduces blood flow to specific areas of the body is achieved through A)_______
There is a need for B)_____ to the muscles during exercise
1Vascular shunting 2digestion 3cardiac output
4increased blood flow
A)vascular shunting
B)increased blood flow
What are the 4 main components of blood
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
What does the plasma do
Transports the blood cells platelets and nutrients to different parts of the body
What do platelets do
Prevent bleeding and clog cuts
What do white blood cells do
Help fight infection and help performers stay free from illnesses
What do red blood cells do
Carry oxygen by attaching to haemoglobin and transported to working muscles and remove carbon dioxide
Explain why plasma is so important to sports performance (3)
1 plasma is the liquid part of the blood
2 because it is liquid it allows transportation of anything in it
3therefore plasma can allow transportation of red blood cells to working muscles during physical activity to provide with oxygen
