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Human Anatomy And Physiology > Topic 1 > Flashcards

Topic 1 Flashcards

Define anatomy and physiology. Learn the levels of organisation ans how the body system work together, life processes, homeostasis, anatomical terms, body cavities and regions.

1
Q

Define anatomy

A

Anatomy is the science of structure and relationships among structures

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2
Q

Define physiology

A

Science of body functions, study of how body parts function.

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3
Q

What are the 6 levels of organisation and describe each of them

A

The levels organisations are chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system and organism.

Chemical= atoms
Cellular=cells with organelles
Tissue= Groups of ells 
Organ=groups of tissures
System=groups of organs
Organismal= all systems.
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4
Q

Why is it important for the body systems to work together?

A

To maintain health, protect from disease and reproduction.

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5
Q

What is the function of the integumentary system?

A

Protects all systems by acting as a barrier between the external environment and internal tissues and organs.

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6
Q

Define metabolism

A

Chemical reactions in the body. Break down of large complexe molecules into smaller molecules.

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7
Q

Describe responsiveness

A

It is the ability of the body to detect and respond to changes in the body.

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8
Q

Describe the movement in the body

A

Movents includes motion in the whole body, individual organs, single cells and tiny organelles in a cell.

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9
Q

What is differentiation?

A

Unspecialised cells become specialised

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10
Q

What is reproduction?

A

Formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement or production of a new individual

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11
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Homeostasis ensures that the internal environment remains steady despite the changes.

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12
Q

How is homeostasis controlled and maintained?

A

It is controlled by the nervous and endocrine systems. Maintained my feedback mechanisms

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13
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

A stimulus is when there is a disruption that causes a change in a controlled condition.

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14
Q

What are the components of the feedback system?

A

Control centre, receptor and effector.

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15
Q

What is a negative feedback system?

A

It reverses a change.

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16
Q

What is a positive feedback system? Is it good or bad?

A

It strenghtens a change. Usually destructive or deadly but can be benificial for chilbirth, ovulation etc.

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17
Q

Describe blood pressure?

A

Blood pressure is the force of blood as it passes through the vessels.

18
Q

What is a baroreceptor and where is it located?

A

The baroreceptors detecs increased pressures. it is located in the walls of certain blood vessels.

19
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

Subject stands upright, facing the observer, with head level and eyes facing forward.

20
Q

The sternum is_____ to the heart.

  1. Posterior
  2. Anterior
  3. Inferior
  4. Lateral
  5. Distal
A

2.Anterior

21
Q

The plane that divides the body into a superior and inferior portion is the

  1. parasaggital plane
  2. midsaggital plane
  3. transverse plane
  4. oblique plane
  5. frontal plane
A
  1. Transverse
22
Q

Superior is…

A

towards the head or upper part of a structure.

23
Q

Inferior is…

A

towards the feet

24
Q

Anterior/ventral is…

A

nearer to or at the front of the body.

25
Q

Posterior/ dorsal is…

A

nearer to or at the back of the body.

26
Q

Medial is…

A

nearer to the midline or midsagittal plane.

27
Q

Lateral is…

A

farther from the body midline or midsagittal plane.

28
Q

Proximal is…

A

nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the point of origin.

29
Q

Distal is…

A

farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; far from the point of origin.

30
Q

Superficial is…

A

toward or on the body surface.

31
Q

Deep is…

A

away from the surface of the body

32
Q

What is the sagittal plane in the body?

A

It is as vertical plane which divides the body or organ into left or right sides.

33
Q

What is the midsagittal?

A

If the right and left side is equal it is called this, it runs throug the midline of the body or organs.

34
Q

What is the frontal/coronal plane?

A

Divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions.

35
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

Body is divided into superior and inferior portions.

36
Q

What is the cranail cavity composed of?

A

Cranial bones which contains the brain

37
Q

What is the the vertenbral canal formed of?

A

Bones of vertebral column and spinal cord.

38
Q

What is the thoracic cavity consists of?

A

Hearth, lungs, blood vessels, repiratory organs.

39
Q

What are the nine abdominopelvic regions?

A
  1. Epigastric
  2. Rright hypochondriac
  3. Left hypochondriac
  4. Umbilical
  5. Right lumbar
  6. Left lumbar
  7. Hypogastric
  8. Right iliac
  9. Left iliac
40
Q

What are the four quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ,LLQ

Human Anatomy And Physiology (6 decks)

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