Top 1 - Cell Biology Flashcards
Name 5 sub cellular structures in both plant and animal cells
Plants:
Nucleus, Cytoplasm
Cell membrane, Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Animals: Permanent Vacuole (hole that supports cell) Cell wall, Chlorophyll Chloroplasts (photosynthesis) Cellulose
What type of organisms are bacteria?
Prokaryotes
Where is the genetic material found in animals cells and plant cells?
Animals - In the nucleus
Plants - In the nucleus
What is cell differentiation?
Differentiation is the name of the process which changes the cells and then specialises it for its life job.
What are chromosomes?
The nucleus of the cell contains the genetic information which is in the form of chromosomes.
What is the cell cycle?
Body cells in multicellular organisms divide to produce new cells.
What is mitosis used for by multicellular organisms?
When multicellular organisms divide they go through the process of mitosis.
Multicellular organisms use mitosis to grow or replace cells that have been damaged.
What is the max temperature bacteria should be grown at in a school lab and why?
25*C because if any higher temperatures are used then it can result in the production of unwanted pathogens.
State three ways to stop your bacteria in your petri dish being contaminated.
When in the heated storage store it upwards down to stop condensation on the jelly.
The petri dishes must be cleaned and sterilised before next use.
Put tape around the seal to stop air born bacteria getting in and or out.
Give two ways in which embryonic stem cells could be used to cure diseases.
Stem cells from embryos can be grown in a lab and made to differentiate in to specitalised class to use in medicine
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Name three substances that can diffuse through cell membranes and two that can’t.
Glucose, amino acids and water
Starch and Protiens
What type of molecules move through osmosis?
Water, Sugar and Salt
Give two main differences between active transport and diffusion
Active transport requires energy because it is when nutrients go from a low concentration to a high concentration
Where as diffusion is high to low concentration so it requires a lot less energy.
Give two ways that the villi in the small intestine is adapted for absorbing digested food.
They are thin but very long and therefore have a large surface area, they. also only have a singular layer of cells at the surface.
