tooth stains and polishing Flashcards
modes of stain attatchment
- Can adhere directly to the tooth surface
- Can be contained within plaque and calculus
- Can be incorporated into tooth structures
types of stains
sources of stains
Exogenous: caused by factors external to the tooth (extrinsic OR
intrinsic stains)
Endogenous: caused by factors within the tooth (always intrinsic)
Do tooth stains cause disease?
No, they are not an etiological factor for diseases within the oral cavity and
therefore, removal of stains is for esthetic purposes only
yellow stains
* ages?
* Associated with?
* Typically related to?
* Source is typically?
- Common in all ages
- Associated with plaque accumulation
- Typically related to poor oral hygiene
- Source is typically food pigments
Green Stains
* color?
* Found where?
* Typically noted on what surfaces?
* Sometimes covered by?
* Dark green stain may become incorporated into?
* Caused by?
- Light to dark in color
- Found within plaque
- Typically noted on facial cervical third of maxillary anteriors
- Sometimes covered by materia alba or grayish debris
- Dark green stain may become incorporated into tooth structure
- Caused by chromo-genic bacteria (color-producing bacteria), tobacco use, dark food/drinks (blueberries, red wine, coffee) and poor oral hygiene
Black-line Stains
* Found along?
* Can appear as?
* Attached via?
* Made up of?
* Common in?
* Reforms?
- Found along cervical third near gingival margin
- Fine line that can be continuous or interrupted
- Can appear black at pits/fissures
- Attached via pellicle structure
- Made up of microorganisms (gram + rods)
- Common in women and children
- Reforms after removal
tobacco stains
* color?
* Diffuse staining of? sometime incorporates into?
* Heavier deposits (especially chewing
tobacco) can become?
* Frequently noticed on what surfaces?
* Composed of?
- Light brown to dark black in color
- Diffuse staining of plaque; sometimes
incorporated into calculus - Heavier deposits (especially chewing
tobacco) can become intrinsic staining - Frequently noticed on lingual aspects of teeth
- Composed of tar products
Other Brown Stain causes?
Tx’s? leaf?
- Stannous fluoride
- Anti-plaque agents
- Betel leaf
Orange or Red Stain
* Often appears at what surface?
* occurrence rate?
* Etiology
- Often appears at cervical third portion of tooth/anterior region
- Rare occurrence
- Etiology: chromogenic bacteria
Intrinsic Stains causes
- Drug-induced (tetracycline)
- Tooth-trauma stain (necrotic pulp/pulpless tooth)
- Restorative materials
- Tooth development (fluorosis, hypoplasia, genetics)
What does polishing do?
* Removes?
* Smooths?
* Improves?
* Aids in?
- Removes extrinsic stain and plaque
- Smooth out the tooth surface
- Improves esthetic appearance
- Aids in prepping the tooth prior to
bonding
What effect does polishing
have on teeth?
* Removes?
* Abrades?
- Removes fluoride-rich enamel layer
- Abrades dentin/cementum
Negatives of Polishing
Contraindications of Polishing
no stains?
sensitivity?
caries/decalcified?
cementum/dentin?
crowns?
new teeth?
inflam?
No extrinsic stain
Hypersensitivity
Decalcified/carious lesion
Cementum/dentin exposure
Fixed crowns (zirconia, gold, etc. require a specialty paste)
Newly erupted teeth
Gingival or periodontal inflammation (do not polish after scaling/root planing!)
factors of rate of abrasion for polishing
- Quantity (more particles applied = faster rate of abrasion)
- Speed of application (higher speed of handpiece=faster rate of abrasion)
- Pressure applied (greater the pressure=faster rate of abrasion)
- Quality of abrasives (dry abrasives are contraindicated)
Polishing Agents
(used intra-orally for stain removal)
- Pumice (flour of pumice, FFF)
- Silicon dioxide
- Tin oxide (good for gold)
Composition of Prophy Paste
grits of prophy paste
Fine, medium, coarse grit are available
prophy cups
soft, rubber and latex free
are prophy angles reusable
no, disposable
What do you need to polish?
- Slow speed handpiece WITH torque converter (RDH handpiece)
- Disposable prophy angle
- Prophy paste
- Saliva ejector
- Air/water syringe
- 2x2 gauze
How to Polish Teeth
Polishing Stroke
how should polishing handpiece sound
low hum
Things to Remember when polishing
speed?
abrasive paste?
what should be done after polishing?
removal plaque from occlusal?
Use slowest handpiece speed
Use least abrasive prophy paste
Floss teeth after polishing to remove any remaining plaque/prophy paste debris
Bristle brushes are available to polish/remove plaque from occlusal surfaces
