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pt care III > anatomy of the periodontium/ positioning/ gingival descriptors > Flashcards

anatomy of the periodontium/ positioning/ gingival descriptors Flashcards

1
Q

components of the perio

A

gingiva, cementum, alveolar bone, PDL

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2
Q

types of gingiva

A

Marginal gingiva (unattached or free gingiva)
Attached gingiva
Alveolar mucosa

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3
Q

gingiva derived from

A

ectoderm of pharyngeal arches

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4
Q

MARGINAL GINGIVA

A

→Free or unattached, cufflike tissue surrounding the teeth on facial, lingual, and
interproximal surfaces

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5
Q

Gingival Margin

A

most coronal portion of gingiva forming a scalloped outline of the tooth

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6
Q

gingival sulcus
normal measurement?

A
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7
Q

Free Gingival
Groove

A
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8
Q

Interdental gingiva (papilla)

A

part of free gingiva
• Occupies the interdental space (fills embrasure space apical to tooth contact)
• Attached to the tooth by the JE and connective tissue fibers

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9
Q

The Gingival Col

A

Valley-like depression of the interproximal contact areas
• Connects lingual and buccal interdental papilla
• Absent when teeth are not in contact
• Nonkeratinized epithelium susceptible to inflammation and disease progression

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10
Q

junctional epithelium

A

• Nonkeratinized epithelium surrounding and attaching to the tooth on one side, and the gingival connective tissue on the other side
• Base of the sulcus/pocket
• JE more permeable to cells and fluid
• Serves as route of passage of fluid and cells from the connective tissue into the sulcus for bacteria/bacterial products from sulcus to connective tissue
• Easily penetrated by the periodontal probe, especially when gingiva is inflamed
• Length: 0.25-1.35mm (remember approx. 1mm)

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11
Q

GINIGVAL FIBERS provide support for?

A

provides support for marginal gingiva, including the
interdental papilla

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12
Q

types of gingival fibers

A

circumferential or circular fibers
Dentogingival fibers
Dentoperiosteal fibers
Alveogingival fibers
Transseptal fibers

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13
Q

circumferential or circular fibers

A

encircle each
tooth in a cufflike fashion within the free gingiva

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14
Q

Dentogingival fibers

A

embedded within the
cementum; fan outward into the attached
gingiva to the tooth

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15
Q

Dentoperiosteal fibers

A

embedded in the same portion of the cementum as the dentogingival fibers

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16
Q

Alveogingival fibers

A

inserted in the crest of the alveolar process and splay out through lamina propria into the free gingiva

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17
Q

Transseptal fibers

A

embedded in the cementum; run a horizontal path from adjacent teeth

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18
Q

Clinical Gingival Characteristics: Health VS. Disease
color, consistency, texture, contour, size

A
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19
Q
A

diseased

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20
Q
A

healthy with recession

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21
Q
A

healthy, amalgam tats and melanin

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22
Q

Attached Gingiva
attached to and how?
boundaries?
width? largest where, smallest where?
not measured where?
changes to width occur at which end?

A

• Attached to the alveolar bone and cementum by connective tissue fibers and epithelial attachment
• Boundaries are apically demarcated by the mucogingival junction (MGJ); coronally demarcated by the base of the gingival sulcus
• Width varies from 1-9mm; widest in facial aspect of maxillary central incisors and
narrowest in the mandibular premolar facial areas
• NOT to be measured on the palate
• Any changes in the width of attached gingiva results from changes at the coronal end (i.e., recession)

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23
Q

Measuring
Attached
Gingiva

A
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24
Q

ALVEOLAR MUCOSA

A

• Movable tissue, loosely attached to underlying alveolar bone
• Thin, nonkeratinized epithelium
• Separate from attached gingiva at the MGJ
• Darker shade of red than gingiva due to rich blood supply

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25
Q

Mucogingival Junction (MGJ)

A

• Visible line where the pink keratinized gingiva meets the more vascular alveolar mucosa
• Found on the maxillary facial and the mandibular facial and lingual areas

26
Q

Cementum

A

Calcified connective tissue covering the
roots of the teeth

27
Q

cementum Calcification

A

Least mineralized of the calcified tissues
of the tooth

28
Q

Cementum function

A

function: to attach fibers of the PDL to
the tooth (like cement)

29
Q

Cementum blood, lymph, inn?

A

No blood, lymph vessels of innervation
noted

30
Q

Cementum continuous depostion

A

Continuously deposited in the apical
area of the root throughout life

31
Q

CEJ relationships

A

Cementum overlaps enamel (60-65%)
Cementum and enamel meet (30%)
Cementum and enamel do not meet (5-10%)

32
Q

acellular cementum

A

first formed before tooth reaches occlusal plane
in the cervical third
mainly sharpeys fibers here

33
Q

cellular cementum

A

secodary, formed after tooth reaches occlusal plane
irregular and less calcified

34
Q

cementum absorption
trauma, orhto, cysts and tumors?
systemic factors?

A

subject to absorbtion due to trauma, ortho, cysts and tumors
systemically hypothyroidism, ca def and pagets dx

35
Q

principal fibers of the PDL

A
36
Q

largest PDL fiber

A

oblique

37
Q

what PDL fiber are missing with hypoplastic roott

A

apical

38
Q

what PDL fibers are only sound w multirooted teeth

A

interradicular

39
Q

terminal portion of PDL fiber

A

shapreys fiber

40
Q

What PDL fiber doesnt embed in bone

A

transeptal, runs from one tooth cementum over the alveolar crest to another tooth cementum

41
Q

functions of PDL fibers

A

suppportive
formative
nutritive
sensoy

42
Q

supportive function PDL

A

anchors tooth to bone
• Sharpey’s fibers: portion of PDL that insert into bone and cementum

43
Q

PDL formative function

A

Formative: helps maintain biologic activity of bone and
cementum

44
Q

PDL nutritive function

A

Nutritive: supplies nutrients and removes waste products
via blood and lymph vessels

45
Q

PDL sensory function

A

Sensory: capable of transmitting tactile pressure and pain
sensations

46
Q

physical functions of the PDL

A
47
Q

Formative and Remodeling of the PDL

A

Cells of PDL participate in formation and resorption of cementum and bone during physiologic tooth movement
PDL constantly undergoes remodeling
Old cells and fibers are broken down and replaced by new ones

48
Q

Nutritional and Sensory of the
PDL

A

• PDL supplies nutrients to and lymphatic drainage from cementum, bone, and gingiva through blood vessels
• PDL highly vascularized
• PDL has great supply of sensory nerve fibers capable of transmitting different sensations through the trigeminal pathways

49
Q

Radiographic Imaging of PDL Space

A

PDL width (seen only in radiographs) depends on age, stage of eruption, function of tooth, and angle of film

50
Q

Alveolar Bone

A

Bone that forms and supports the alveoli (tooth sockets)
Consists of alveolar bone proper and supporting bone

51
Q

Contour of the alveolar bone follows

A

Contour of the alveolar bone follows contour of the
CEJ and arrangement of the dentition

52
Q

Shape of the alveolar crest is generally parallel to t

A

Shape of the alveolar crest is generally parallel to the CEJ of adjacent teeth; approximately 1.5-2mm apical to the CEJ

53
Q

which arch has thicker cortical paltes

A

mandible

54
Q

Alveolar Bone Proper

A

• Thin layer of bone that surrounds the root and gives attachment to the PDL
• Termed lamina dura in radiographic images
• Also termed cribiform plate

55
Q

Supportive Alveolar Bone

A

• Portion of alveolar process that surrounds the alveolar bone proper and gives support to the sockets
• Compact (cortical)
• Cancellous or trabecular (spongy) bone

56
Q

localized vs generalized

A

• Localized means <30% of teeth
• Generalized mean >30% of teeth

57
Q

classes of inflam

A

Slight, moderate, and severe describe severity of inflammation

58
Q

locations of gingival inflam

A

• Specify location (papilla, gingival margin,
etc.)

59
Q

Patient Positioning

A

• Supine position is ideal (unless the patient cannot tolerate it)
• Knees, nose, toes in the same plane

60
Q

right hand positioning direct and indirect vision

A

• Direct Vision: 9:00
–Lingual UL/LL
–Buccal UR/LR
• Indirect Vision: 11:00
–Lingual UR/LR
–Buccal UL/LL

61
Q

Dental Assistant’s Chair

A

bv

pt care III (14 decks)

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