sugar/sweeteners

Question 1

first ever sweetener

Answer 1

honey

Question 2

principal dietary substance to promote caries

Answer 2

sugar and all fermentable carbs

Question 3

Polyols as Sweeteners

Answer 3

• Polyols = sugar alcohols
• 40% of the caloric content of sucrose
• Physical characteristics similar to sucrose
• Not great in baking

Question 4

*Sorbitol
* Occurs naturally in?
*sweetness to sucrose?
*cariogenic? when could it be?
* issues if large quantities digested?

Answer 4

polyol
* Occurs naturally in fruits and berries
* Only half as sweet as sucrose
* Considered noncariogenic, however, it is slowly fermented by S.mutans
* Shown to be cariogenic in patients with decreased salivary
gland function
* Can cause GI issues if large quantities digested

Question 5

*Mannitol
* Natural?
* cariogenic?
* Used as a?

Answer 5

• Naturally occurring polyol found in seaweed
• Virtually no cariogenic activity due to slow metabolization from oral microorganisms
• Used as a dusting agent for chewing gum and bulking agent in powdered foods

Question 6

*Xylitol
* Naturally occurring?
* fermentable by oral bac? antibac?
* Sweetness to sucrose, cost?
* Primarily used in?

Answer 6

• Naturally occurring caloric 5-carbon sugar alcohol
• Nonfermentable by oral bacteria and exhibits antibacterial properties
• Sweetness approximates that of sucrose; however, it is 10x more costly to produce
• Primarily used in chewing gum, mints, mouthrinses, toothpaste,and sometimes found in syrup and candy

Question 7

Xylitol as an Antibacterial

Answer 7

*Decreases bacterial metabolism and produces a increase in dental plaque pH
*Reduces the volume and amount of supragingival plaque
due to a reduced production of extracellular polysaccharides and biofilm matrix
*Promotes the selection of xylitol-resistant mutans
streptococci
*Stimulates salivary secretion

Question 8

Guidelines for Patient-based Caries Management with Xylitol
*Recommend using xylitol-containing products in addition
to?
* therapeutic dose?
*Daily intake should be divided into?
*Xylitol products that actively stimulate what should be recomended?
*Products should ideally have xylitol as?

Answer 8

*Recommend using xylitol-containing products in addition
to daily fluoride exposure
*At least 5g of xylitol per day needed to achieve optimum
therapeutic effect on S. mutans
*Daily intake should be divided into 3 or 4 doses with
exposure time = 5-10 minutes with each dx
*Xylitol products that actively stimulate salivary flow should
be recommended
*Products should ideally have xylitol as the single sweetener

Question 9

xylitol highly toxic to?

Answer 9

xylitol is highly toxic to dogs
* Causes rapid/severe increase of insulin productions and leads tohypoglycemia
* Higher amounts of xylitol can lead to death

Question 10

Amount of Xylitol in Gum
* Epic gum:
* Ice Cubes:
* Trident:
* Orbit:

Answer 10

Amount of Xylitol
in Gum
* Epic gum: 1.06g xylitol per piece
* Ice Cubes: 1.15g xylitol per piece
* Trident: 0.17g xylitol per piece
* Orbit: 0.009g-0.3g xylitol per piece
(depends on flavor)

Question 11

*Steveoside (Stevia)
* Natural?
* sweeter than table sugar?
* Heat stable?
* Supports the prevention of?

Answer 11

INTENSE SWEETENER
* Natural sweetener extracted from the leaves of a shrub found in South America
* 100-300 times sweeter than table sugar
* Heat stable (good for baking)
* Supports the prevention of caries

Question 12

*Saccharin
* sweeter than sucrose?
* nutritive/cariogenic?
* Oldest?
* Used as a sweetener in some?

Answer 12

INTENSE SWEETENER
* 200-700 times sweeter than sucrose
* Nonnutritive and noncariogenic
* Oldest artificial sweetener used in the US (Sweet ‘N’ Low)
* Used as a sweetener in some toothpastes

Question 13

• Aspartame
• sweeter than sucrose?
• Soft drinks account for more than _____% of aspartame consumption
• FDA requires foods containing aspartame have?

Answer 13

INTENSE SWEETENER
* 200 times sweeter than sucrose
* Soft drinks account for more than 70% of aspartame consumption
* FDA requires foods containing aspartame have the following label:
PHENYLKETONURICS: CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE

Question 14

• Sucralose
• cariogenic/nutritive?
  sweeter than sucrose?
• absorbed/excreted?
• carcinogen?

Answer 14

INTENSE SWEETENER
* Noncariogenic, nonnutritive sweetener that is 600 times sweeter than sucrose
* Poorly absorbed and is largely excreted in the feces and urine,
unchanged
* No carcinogenic risks posed to humans