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BDS3 CDS Ortho > Tooth Movements & Types of Orthodontic Appliances > Flashcards

Tooth Movements & Types of Orthodontic Appliances Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of tooth movement ?

A

Physiological and orthodontic.

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2
Q

What are two types of physiological tooth movement ?

A

Tooth eruption.
Mesial drift.

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3
Q

What mediates bone remodelling ?

A

PDL compression and tension.

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4
Q

What are the two theories of tooth movement ?

A

Differential pressure theory.
Mechano-chemical theory.

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5
Q

Explain differential pressure theory.

A

Areas of compression are resorbed by osteoclasts.
Areas of tension, bone deposition occurs via osteoblasts.

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6
Q

Explain mechano-chemical theory.

A

Fluid movement in bony caniculi occurs as a result of tension and compression in PDL - osteocytes detect this and recruit osteoblasts and osteoclasts via cytokines and fibroblasts in bone produce MMPs which breakdown ECM.

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7
Q

The ratio between what two enzymes regulates bone remodelling ?

A

RANKL : OPG.

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8
Q

What is the function of OPG ?

A

Prevents osteoclast differentiation and so lowers osteoclastic activity.

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9
Q

What type of tooth movement can be achieved using functional or upper removable appliance ?

A

Tipping tooth movement.

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10
Q

What are the 6 types of tooth movement a orthodontic appliance can generate ?

A

Tipping.
Bodily tooth movement.
Intrusion.
Extrusion.
Torque.
Rotation.

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11
Q

What types of tooth movement can only be resolved by fixed appliances ?

A

Intrusion.
Extrusion.
Torque.
Rotation.
Bodily tooth movement.

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12
Q

How does a functional appliance work ?

A

Mandible postured away from normal rest position causing stretch of facial musculature, stretch is transmitted onto teeth and alveolus.

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13
Q

What skeletal class should twin block appliance be used for ?

A

Correction of Class 2 malocclusion.

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14
Q

How long does a twin block appliance have to be worn for to see results ?

A

6-12 months.

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15
Q

What does a twin block appliance aim to do in terms of bone growth i.e. skeletal change ?

A
  • Decrease maxilla growth.
  • Increase mandibular growth and mandibular length.
  • Remodel glenoid fossa allowing mandible to sit more anteriorly in skull base.
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16
Q

What does a twin block appliance aim to do in terms of tooth movement i.e. dentoalveolar change ?

A
  • Retroclination of upper teeth.
  • Proclination of lower teeth.
  • Create posterior open bite.
  • Posterior open bite fixed with fixed appliances or naturally by continued eruption of maxillary molars.
17
Q

In terms of change seen after use of twin block appliance, what percentage is deemed to be skeletal changes ?

A

30%.

18
Q

In terms of change seen after use of twin block appliance, what percentage is deemed to be dentoalveolar changes ?

A

70%.

19
Q

When does secondary bone remodelling occur ? Why does it happen ?

A

During bodily tooth movement.
Maintains PDL and stability of tooth.

20
Q

What is the optimum tipping force for teeth during orthodontic treatment ?

A

35-60g.

21
Q

What is the optimum bodily movement force for teeth during orthodontic treatment ?

A

150-200g.

22
Q

What is the optimum intrusion force for teeth during orthodontic treatment ?

A

10-20g - to prevent root resorption.

23
Q

What is the optimum extrusion force for teeth during orthodontic treatment ?

A

35-60g.

24
Q

What is the optimum rotation force for teeth during orthodontic treatment ?

A

35-60g.

25
Q

What is the optimum torque force for teeth during orthodontic treatment ?

A

50-100g.

26
Q

What magnitude of force is desirable for orthodontic tooth movement ?

A

Light forces.

27
Q

What are the side effects of moderate-excessive orthodontic tooth forces ?

A

Pain.
Loss of tooth vitality,
Root resorption.
Anchorage loss.

28
Q

What is the length of stasis period seen in orthodontic tooth movement where moderate-excessive forces have been transmitted ?

A

10-14 days.

29
Q

What factors affect response to orthodontic tooth movement ?

A

Age.
Magnitude of forces.
Anatomy.
Duration of treatment.

30
Q

What is the main cause of orthodontic relapse ?

A

Poor reorganisation of supracrestal fibres.

31
Q

What are the risks of orthodontic force ?

A

Pain.
Mobility.
Pulpal changes.
Root resorption.
Loss of alveolar bone support.
Relapse.

32
Q

How many mm of tooth movement is desirable within one month ?

A

1mm.

33
Q

What is the expected treatment time for fixed appliance orthodontic treatment ?

A

24 months.

34
Q

What histological effects can be seen as a result of excessive orthodontic force ?

A

Extensive lateral root resorption.
Undermining resorption.
PDL necrosis.

BDS3 CDS Ortho (8 decks)

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