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Operative Dentistry > Tooth Morphology > Flashcards

Tooth Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

what are deciduous teeth

A

the primary teeth

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2
Q

what are permanent teeth

A

adult teeth

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3
Q

what is the maxilla

A

the upper jaw

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4
Q

what is the mandible

A

the lower jaw

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5
Q

how many teeth are in each quadrant of the mouth

A

8

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6
Q

what is the name for the teeth found at the front of the mouth

A

anterior teeth

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7
Q

what is the name for the teeth found at the back of the mouth

A

posterior teeth

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8
Q

is the third molar included in restorations

A

no

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9
Q

what are the different tooth types

A

incisors, canines, premolar and molar

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10
Q

how many incisor types are there

A

two - central and lateral

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11
Q

how many types of canine are there

A

just one

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12
Q

how many premolar types are there

A

two - first premolars and second premolars

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13
Q

how many molar types are there

A

three - 1st 2nd 3rd

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14
Q

what are the anterior teeth

A

incisors and canines

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15
Q

does the primary dentition include premolars

A

no

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16
Q

what teeth can be found in the primary dentition

A

incisors, canines and molars

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17
Q

what is the mesial surface

A

the surface of the tooth closer to the midline of the mouth

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18
Q

what is the distal surface

A

the surface of the tooth closer to the back of the mouth

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19
Q

what is the buccal tooth surface

A

the surface of the tooth facing the cheek

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20
Q

what is the lingual surface

A

the surface facing the tongue

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21
Q

what is the labial surface

A

the face toward the lip

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22
Q

what are buccal and labial surfaces also referred to as

A

vestibular surfaces

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23
Q

what is the palatal surface

A

the surface facing the hard palate

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24
Q

what is the apex of the tooth

A

the tip of the root

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25
Q

what is the root

A

the section of the tooth beneath the gums

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26
Q

what is the incisal edge

A

the edge of the crown

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27
Q

what is the cervical line of the tooth

A

the amelo-cemental junction - lines the bit separating the crown and the root

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28
Q

what is the cingulum

A

the bulge or prominence of enamel found on the cervical third of lingual surface of all anterior teeth

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29
Q

what is the occlusal surface

A

the section of the tooth seen from above

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30
Q

what are marginal ridges

A

an elevation of enamel which forms the mesial or distal margin of the lingual surface of an anterior tooth or the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth

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31
Q

what are cusps

A

the ridges on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth

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32
Q

why are there systems for naming teeth

A

if you wish to refer a patient for specialist opinion, you need to communicate information about the teeth using a system of naming that others will recognise

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33
Q

what are some examples of long hand naming of teeth

A
  • upper right first molar
  • lower left second molar
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34
Q

what are the key points for identifying teeth

A
  • the tooth type
  • tooth number
  • jaw
  • side
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35
Q

what are the four quadrants of the mouth

A

upper right, upper left, lower right, and lower left

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36
Q

what is FDI

A

federation dentaire international

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37
Q

what is the number for the upper right quadrant of the mouth

A

1

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38
Q

what is the number for the upper left quadrant of the mouth

A

2

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39
Q

what is the number for the lower right quadrant of the mouth

A

4

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40
Q

what is the number for the lower left quadrant of the mouth

A

3

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41
Q

why is FDI a good notation system to use

A

it is quick and electronic format friendly

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42
Q

what would the FDI notation be for the upper left first molar

A

26

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43
Q

what is the FDI notation for the lower left second premolar

A

35

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44
Q

what is the zsigmondy palmer notation

A

this is the use of the lines to represent the quadrants of the mouth. it is less electronic friendly

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45
Q

what are the three main systems for naming teeth

A

the FDI
the palmer
the universal

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46
Q

when is tooth morphology important

A

in tooth restoration for fillings, crowns and dentures as it helps with identifying teeth

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47
Q

what is the root covered in

A

cementum

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48
Q

what is the crown covered in

A

enamel

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49
Q

what are the anterior teeth

A

incisors and canines

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50
Q

what is the FDI notation for the upper first permanent molars

A

16/26

51
Q

what are the features of the upper 6 permanent molars

A
  • the mesiopalatal cusp is largest
  • the distopalatal cusp is the smallest
  • has an oblique ridge which stretches from the mesiobuccal to the distopalatal cusp
  • the distal fissure is longer and runs onto the palatal surface
  • has a tubercle of carabelli
  • 2 buccal roots and 1 palatal
52
Q

describe the features of the upper second molar

A

the distopalatal cusp is greatly reduced and can even be absent. is heart shaped ish

53
Q

what are the possible FDI notations for the upper second molar

A

17 or 27

54
Q

what is a feature of the roots of the upper third permanent molars

A

their roots are usually fused together

55
Q

what are the features of the lower first permanent molar

A
  • the buccal surface usually has a pit with an increased risk of caries
  • five cusps
  • 3 cusps are buccal
  • 2 cusps are lingual
  • the smallest cusp is on the distal side
  • has a transverse fissure across the occlusal surface
56
Q

what is the clinical relevence of molar morphology important for

A

to provide good restorations

57
Q

what are the features of lower second molars

A
  • the mesial root is broader than the distal root
  • usually has four cusps of smaller size
  • has a cross shaped fissur pattern across the occlusal surface
  • the lingual cusps are raised
58
Q

how many roots are found on the upper molars

A

3

59
Q

how many roots are found on the lower molars

A

2

60
Q

describe the features of the upper right central incisor

A
  • the crown is by far the largest of the four incisors, smooth, slightly convex labial surface.
  • mesio incisal angle is sharp
  • disto incisal angle is more rounded
  • mesial and distal marginal ridges meet at the cervix of the tooth forming a convex cingulum
  • this gives a scoop like form to the crown
  • mammelons are present when the teeth are younger, highlighting the age of the patient
61
Q

describe the mesial and distal sides of the upper right central incisor

A

crown appears wedge shaped, leaning lingually
cervical region has a greater undulation on the mesial aspect than the distal

62
Q

describe the features of the upper right lateral incisor

A

much less bulky and slender than the central incisor. slightly rounded mesioincisal angle, and a short distal surface with a pronounced rounding of the disto incisal angle
the lingual surface has two pronounced marginal ridges, and can sometimes enclose a fossa on the palatal side of the tooth

63
Q

why is the palatal fossa on the lateral incisors clinically adverse

A

deposits can accumulate in it with the possibility of subsequent caries

64
Q

how does the incisal edge of the laterial incisor differ from the central incisor

A

it is more rounded

65
Q

what are the features of the lower right central incisor

A

crown appears flat and symmetrical, disto incisal edge is marginally rounded than the mesio incisal edge
crown leans lingually, cervical undulation is greater on the mesial surface
small cingulum

66
Q

what are the features of the lower right lateral incisors

A

crown is more fan shaped, mesio incisal edge is sharp, distoincisal edge is rounded.
mesial side is slightly longer than the distal side
crown is wedge shaped and leans lingually
crown is slightly twisted on the root to follow the dental arch

67
Q

how does the mesial border compare with the distal border on canines

A

the mesial border is shorter and less steeply inclined than the distal border

68
Q

describe the features of the upper canines

A
  • has a pointed cusp instead of an incisal edge
  • convex, the middle region is often heightened to a prominent ridge. the mesial cusp slope is shorter and less steeply inclined than the distal border
    has cingulum, often divided into two shallow fossae on the palatal aspect by a ridge connecting the cusp
    curvature of the cervical margin on the distal surface is less marked than that on the mesial surface
69
Q

describe the contact areas of upper canines

A

the mesial contact is the crest of the curvature, and is located more incisally.
the distal contact area is located at the centre of the middle third of the crown

70
Q

which root is the longest out of the dentition

A

the upper canine root

71
Q

which root is usually slightly grooved both mesially and distally

A

the upper canine root

72
Q

describe the root shape of the lower canines

A

more slender than the upper canines, and more symmetrical

73
Q

which root is flatter mesiodistally so it appears narrower and more slender

A

the lower canine

74
Q

why does the lower canine root appear narrower and more slender

A

it is flatter mesio distally

75
Q

is the cingulum on the lower canines more or less pronounced than on the upper canine

A

less

76
Q

describe the lingual surface of lower canines

A

less pronounced cingulum and marginal ridges
overall appears flatter

77
Q

this tooth has a mesial border of the cusp being shorter and less steeply inclined than the distal border. the labial surface is lingually inclined, bringing the cusp into lingual position. what it is?

A

lower canine

78
Q

are the ridges prominent on lower canines

A

no

79
Q

how is the labial surface of lower canines inclined

A

lingually, bringing the cusp into lingual position

80
Q

describe the mesial cervical line on lower canines

A

more undulated than on the distal cervical line

81
Q

how does the inclination of the labial surface of upper canines compare to lower canines

A

upper canines are almost vertical inclined, whereas the lower canines are inclined lingually

82
Q

give a summary of the crowns of upper canines

A
  • stour, broad diamond shaped surface, pointed cusp
  • crown set in straight line with root, when viewed from proximal side
  • the amelocemental junction is on the same level on the labial and the lingual sides of the crown
83
Q

give a summary on the crown shape of lower canines

A
  • high, narrow crown, less pointed cusp
  • crown is set at an angle from the root
  • enamel extends further apically on the labial side than on the lingual side
84
Q

describe the palatal surface of the upper first premolar

A

slightly lower, much narrower than the buccal surface

85
Q

which proximal surface of the upper first premolar is convex

A

distal

86
Q

what is the canine fossa

A

the continuation of concavity from the mesial cervical region over to the cervical region of the root

87
Q

what is the name of the surface of the upper first premolar that contacts the distal surface of the upper canine

A

the canine fossa

88
Q

describe the occlusal surface of the upper first premolar

A

roughly oval, buccal cusp is wider and higher than lingual cusp.
there is a marked mesial displacement of the lingual cusp
the mesial marginal ridge is higher
sharp fissure running mesiodistally, doesnt reach the distal marginal ridge, but often extends across the mesial marginal ridge onto the mesial surface.

89
Q

what separates the two cusps of the upper first premolar

A

a sharp fissure that runs mesiodistally

90
Q

how many upper first premolars have two roots

A

more than 50%

91
Q

where are the two roots of the upper first premolar located

A

one is buccal, one is lingual

92
Q

how do the roots of upper first premolars compare to upper molars

A

they are buccal-lingual rather than mesial-distal

93
Q

what is a bifurcation

A

the division of roots

94
Q

how does the mesial surface of the upper first premolar compare to the distal

A

more deeply grooved, and shows concavity in the cervical region

95
Q

what is the name of the concavity in the cervical region of upper first premolars

A

canine fossa

96
Q

this tooth has a marked distal curvature on its apex. which tooth is it

A

upper first premolar

97
Q

describe the buccal surface of the upper second premolar

A

two cusps are similar in width and height, due to reduction in size of the buccal cusp
smaller than the upper first premolar

98
Q

which proximal surface of the upper second premolar is convex

A

the mesial surface

99
Q

which proximal surface of the upper second premolar has a deeper root depression

A

the distal

100
Q

is there a mesial displacement on just the upper first premolar

A

no it is also observed on the upper second

101
Q

how often are there two roots on the upper second premolar

A

only 15% of the time

102
Q

how do the upper first and upper second premolars differ based on their cusps

A

the upper first buccal cusp is wider and higher, whereas the buccal cusp of the second premolar is almost of equal size to the lingual cusp

103
Q

does the fissure separating the cusps on the occlusal surface of the upper second premolars reach the marginal ridges

A

no

104
Q

describe the buccal surface of the lower first premolar

A

inclinded strongly lingually, so that its tip lies almost above the centre of the tooth

105
Q

describe the lingual surface of the lower first premolar

A

slightly narrower and much lower than the buccal surface

106
Q

what is the shape of the occlusal surface of the lower first premolar

A

round

107
Q

how different are the heights of the buccal and lingual cusps on the lower first premolar

A

much greater difference than observed in the upper premolars

108
Q

what feature can be found on the occlusal surface of the lower first premolar

A

a small groove often running from the mesial pit onto the mesial lingual surface

109
Q

which marginal ridge on the lower first premolar is more cervical

A

the mesial

110
Q

is the contact area between the lower canine and first premolar small or broad

A

broad

111
Q

how does the crown of the lower second premolar compare to the first

A

it is much larger than the first lower premolar

112
Q

how does the occlusal surface of the lower second premolar differ to the lower first premolar

A

the lingual cusp is larger than that of the first and it is displaced mesially

113
Q

how many lingual cusps can be found on the lower second premolar

A

two, sometimes, and if so it is the mesial one that is larger

114
Q

is the distal fossa greater or larger than the mesial fossa on the lower second premolar

A

the distal

115
Q

which marginal ridge is more cervical on the lower second premolar

A

the distal marginal ridge

116
Q

how does the occlusal surface of upper premolars compare to the lower premolars

A

lowers have a round occlusal surface, uppers have an oval occlusal surface

117
Q

how does the crown root angle of the lower premolars compare to the upper premolars

A

lower premolars have buccal cusp inclined lingually to produce a curved buccal profile
upper premolars have buccal surfaces of the crown and root in the straight line

118
Q

how many roots does the first premolar have compared to the second premolar (upper)

A

usually two in the first premolars and usually one in the second premolars

119
Q

how does the buccal cusp differ between the first and second premolars (upper)

A

the first has a large buccal cusp and a very small lingual cusp
second has one or two lingual cusps more closely approximating the buccal in height

120
Q

ignoring what feature during restorative work might result in improper contact relationship with the distal surface of the canine. what is this feature

A

the canine fossa

121
Q

what does unilateral mean

A

affecting only one side

122
Q

what does bilateral mean

A

affecting both sides

123
Q

what does ipsilateral mean

A

belonging to or occuring on the same side of the body

124
Q

what does contralateral mean

A

occurs on the opposite side of the body

Operative Dentistry (22 decks)

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